Term
| the system that supplies transportation for cells of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| the pump that keeps blood moving through a closed circuit of blood vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| permit the movement or exchange of many substances between the blood and fluid surrounding body cells; microscopic |
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Definition
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Term
| tubing that carries the blood |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| _______ and _________ are composed of three layers of tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ are thicker than ________ because they carry blood under higher pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ and __________ carry blood in opposite directions |
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Definition
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Term
| need to be thin-walled because this is where the exchange of material between the blood and the tissues takes place |
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Definition
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Term
| blood pressure is (HIGHEST/LOWEST) just after leaving the heart and is(HIGHEST/LOWEST) just before returning to the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ is located between the lungs in the lower portion of the mediastinum |
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Definition
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Term
| often described as a triangular organ, shaped and sized roughly like a closed fist |
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Definition
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Term
| pointed end of a conical structure; blunt point; lower edge of the heart that lies on the diaphragm; points towards the left |
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Definition
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Term
| heart sounds are often listened to by placing a stethoscope on the chest wall directly over the ______ of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| sounds of the ______ ______ are easily heard on the chest wall above the apex of the heart; that is, in the line space between the fifth and sixth ribs |
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Definition
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Term
| combined external cardiac massage and artificial respiration |
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Definition
| cardiopulmonary resucitation CPR |
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Term
| the heart is (SOLID/HOLLOW) |
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Definition
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Term
| the heart contains (how many) cavities |
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Definition
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Term
| two upper chambers of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| two lower chambers of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| the (ATRIA/VENTRICLES) are smaller than the (VENTRICLE/ATRIA) and their walls are thinner and less muscular |
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Definition
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Term
| often called receiving chambers |
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Definition
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Term
| receive blood from the superior and inferior vena cava; the atria; blood enters the heart through veins that open into the upper cavities |
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Definition
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Term
| referred to as discharging chambers |
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Definition
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Term
| blood is pumped from the heart into the arteries that exit from the ventricles; therefore, __________ chambers |
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Definition
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Term
| muscle of the heart; composes the wall of each heart chamber |
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Definition
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Term
| septum between the atrial chambers |
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Definition
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Term
| septum between the ventricle chambers |
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Definition
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Term
| each chamber of the heart is lined by a thin layer of very smooth tissue called |
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Definition
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Term
| inflammation of the lining of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| if inflamed, the endocardial ining can become rough and abrasive to RBCs passing over its surface, and can be subject to clotting and forming a __________ |
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Definition
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Term
| membrane that ssurrounds the heart; consists of two layers of tissue with small space inbetween |
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Definition
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Term
| two layers of the pericardium |
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Definition
visceral pericardium
parietal pericardium |
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Term
| the pericardium that covers the heart; also called the epicardium |
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Definition
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Term
| pericardium surrounding the heart lie a loose fitting sack to allow the heart enough room to beat |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the ________ and the ________ layers of the pericardium slide against each other without friction because they are serous with moist surfaces |
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Definition
| visceral pericardium, parietal pericardium |
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Term
| a thin film of _____ fluid furnishes the lubricating moistness between the heart and its enveloping pericardial sac |
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Definition
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Term
| inflammation of the pericardium |
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Definition
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Term
| serves as a muscular pumping device for distributing blood to all parts of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| contraction of the heart muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| relaxation of the heart muscle; interposed between its contractions |
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Definition
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Term
| when the heart beats, the ______ contract first, forcing blood into the ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
| once filled, the two _________ contract and force blood out of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| two valves that seperate the atrial chambers from the ventricle chambers |
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Definition
| atrioventricular (AV) valves |
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Term
| one of the two AV valves; located between the left atrium and ventricle and sometimes called the mitral valve |
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Definition
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Term
| the valve located between the right atrium and ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| _________ valves prevent the backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles contract |
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Definition
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Term
| stringlike like structures that attach the AV valves to the wall of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| valves located between the two ventricular chambers and the large arteries that carry blood away from the heart; valves found in veins |
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Definition
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Term
| the _______, like the atria, contract together, therefore two semilunar valves open and close at the same time |
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Definition
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Term
| valve located at the beginning of the pulmonary artery; alows blood going to the lungs to flow out of the right ventricle but prevents it from flowing back into the ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| valve between the aorta and left ventricle that prevents blood from flowing back into the ventricle; allows it to flow out of the ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| the firs lub sound is caused by the vibration and abrupt closure of the __ ______ as the ventricles contract |
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Definition
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Term
| the _________ sound of the lub-dub is onger duration and lower pitch |
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Definition
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Term
| the second heart sound is caused by the closing of both the ________ _________ when the ventricles under go diastole |
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Definition
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Term
| the heart acts as _____ seperate pumps |
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Definition
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Term
| the ________ atrium and ventricle perform a task quite different from the _______ atrium and ventricle |
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Definition
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Term
| when the heart beats, first the _______ contract simultaneously; systole |
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Definition
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Term
| after atrial systole, the __________ fill with blood and they too contract together during systole |
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Definition
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Term
| the (RIGHT AND LEFT/ TOP AND BOTTOM) sides of the heart act as two seperate pumps |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
superior/inferior vena cava
right atrium
trucuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary semilunar valve
pulmonary artery
lungs (o2/co2 exchange)
4 pulmonary veins (oxygenated)
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
aortic semilunar valve
aorta
arteries
arterioles
capillaries (o2/co2 exchange)
venules
veins
inferior/superior vena cava |
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Term
| one of the two large veins returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| one of two large veins carrying blood into the right atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| the _______ heart pump receives oxygen-poor blood from the veins |
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Definition
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Term
| artery that carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricles to the blood |
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Definition
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Term
| any vein that carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| main and largest artery in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| Some really terrific, rad people play lottery 4 power, love, belongings, loyalty and acknowledgement, always care very victorious individuals |
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Definition
| Superior/inferior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary artery, lungs, 4 pulmonary veins, left atrium, bicuspid valve, left venticle, aortic semilunar valve, aorta, arteries, capillaries, venules, veins, inferior/superior vena cave |
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Term
| ___________ circulation involves the movement of blood from the right ventricle to the lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ circulation involves movement of blood from the left ventricle throughout the body as a whole |
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Definition
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Term
| venous blood flow from the right atrium to the lung and returning to the left atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and back to the right atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| requires a constant supply of blood containing nutrients and oxygen to function effectively |
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Definition
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Term
| delivery of oxygen and removal of waste product from the myocardium; |
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Definition
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Term
| blood flows into the heart muscle by way of these two small vessels; they are the aorta's first branches |
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Definition
| right and left coronary arteries |
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Term
| obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign matter carried in the blood stream |
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Definition
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Term
| tissue death; results from inadequate blood supply; i.e. coronary thrombosis; "heart attack"; common cause of death during middle and late adulthood |
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Definition
| myocardial infarction (MI) |
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Term
| recovery from a ________ _________ is possible if the amount of heart tissue damaged was small enough so that the remaining undamaged heart muscle can pump blood effectively enough to supply the needs of the rest of the heart and body |
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Definition
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Term
| severe chest pain resulting when the myocardium is deprived of sufficient oxygen; sign of myocardial infarction |
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Definition
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Term
| surgery to relieve severely restricted coronary blood flow; veins are taen from other parts of the body to bypass the partial blockage; common treatment |
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Definition
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Term
| procedure in which a device is inserted into a blood vessel to open a channel for blood flow |
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Definition
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Term
| any vein that carries blood from the myocardial capillary beds to the coronary sinus |
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Definition
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Term
| area that receives deoxygenated blood from the coronary veins and empties into the right atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| each commplete heartbeat; including contraction and relaxation of the atria and ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
| each cardiac cycle takes about _____ seconds to complete if the heart is beating at an average rate of about 72 beats per minute |
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Definition
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Term
| the amount of blood that is ejected from the ventricles of the heart with each beat |
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Definition
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Term
| volume of blood pumped by one ventricle per minute |
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Definition
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Term
| cardiac output averages at about ____L in a normal resting adult |
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Definition
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Term
| cardiac muscle fibers can contract rhythmically on their own, however they must be coordinated by _________ ___________ if the heart is to pump effectively |
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Definition
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Term
| most important thing to realize about conduction system of the heart is that all of the ________ muscle fibers in each region of the heart are electrically lined together |
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Definition
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Term
| cross striations and unique dark bands that are found in the cardiac muscle fibers; electrical connectors that join muscle fibers into a single unit that can conduct an impulse through the entire wall of a chamber without stopping |
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Definition
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Term
| both atrial walls will contract at about the same time because all of their fibers are ___________ linked |
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Definition
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Term
conduction of the heart:
who will SAVe His bAVy KIN!" |
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Definition
SA Node
Av Node
Bundle of His
bundle branches
perkinje fibers |
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Term
| the heart's pacemaker; where the impulse conduction of the heart normally starts; located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava |
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Definition
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Term
| a small mass of a specialized cardiac muscle tissue; part of the conduction system of the heart |
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Definition
| atrioventricular (av) node |
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Term
| fibers in the heart that relay a nerve impulse from the av node to the ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
| specialized cells located in the walls of the ventricles; relay nerve impulses from the av node to the ventricles causing them to contract |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ _________ occurs when impulses are blocked from getting through to the ventricles, resulting in the heart beating at a much slower rate than normal |
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Definition
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Term
| an electrical device that is implanted in to the heart to treat a heart block; maintains ventricular contractions for adequate circulation of blood |
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Definition
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Term
| machine that produces electrocardiograms, graphic records of the hearts electrical activity (voltage fluctuations) |
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Definition
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Term
| graphic record of the hearts action potentials |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| deflection on an ECG that occurs with depolarization of the atria |
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Definition
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Term
| deflection on an ECG that occurs as a result of depolarization of the ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
| deflection on the ECG that occurs with repolarization of the ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
| the electrical activity that triggers a contraction of the heart muscle |
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Definition
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Term
| phase that begins just before the relaxation phase of cardiac muscle activity |
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Definition
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Term
| arterial blood is pumped from the heart through a series of large distributioin vessels..... |
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Definition
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Term
| vessel carrying blood away from the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| largest artery in the body |
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Definition
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Term
| small branch of an artery |
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Definition
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Term
| arteries subdivide into vesseels that become progressively smaller and finally become tiny __________ that control the flow into microscopic exchange vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| tiny, microscopic vessels that connect arterioles and venules |
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Definition
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Term
| exchange of nutrients and respiratory gases occurs between the blood and tissue fluid around the cells in the _________ ________ |
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Definition
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Term
| small blood vessels that collect blood from the capillaries and join to form veins |
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Definition
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Term
| vessel carrying blood toward the heart |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| superior and inferior vena cava |
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Term
| carry blood away from the heart and toward the capillaries |
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Definition
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Term
| arteries and veins have ____ layers |
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Definition
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Term
| outermost layer found in blood vessels; made of connective tissue fibers which reinforce the wall of the vessel so it will not burst under pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| the muscular middle layer found in the blood vessels; more muscular in arteries than in veins |
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Definition
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Term
| endothelium that lines the blood vessels' single layer of squamus epithelial endothelium that lines the inner surface of the entire circulatory system |
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Definition
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Term
| squamous epithelial cells that line the inner surface of the entire circulatory system and the vessels of the lymphatic system |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ are equipped with one way valves that prevent the backflow of blood |
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Definition
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Term
| when a surgeon cuts into a body, only ________, ___________l, ___________ and ___________ can be seen |
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Definition
| arteries, arterioles, veins, venules |
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Term
| most important structural feature of the _________ is their extreme thinness; only one layer of flat endothelial cells. tunica intima only, so that substances can pass through it on their way to or from cells |
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Definition
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Term
| smooth muscle cells that guard the entrance to the capillary and determine how much blood will flow into each capillary |
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Definition
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Term
| help maintain arterial blood pressure at a normal level |
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Definition
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Term
| collect blood from capillaries and return it to the heart; serve as blood resevoirs because they carry blood under lower pressure and can expand to hold a larger volume of blood or constrict to hold a much smaller amount |
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Definition
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Term
| function as exchange vessels |
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Definition
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Term
| ___________ ___________ means that blood flows through vessels that are arranged to form a circuit or circular pattern |
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Definition
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Term
| blood flow from the left ventricle to all parts of the body and backto the right atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| venous blood flow from the right atrium to the lung and returning to the left atrium |
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Definition
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Term
| the route of blood flow through the liver |
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Definition
| hepatic portal circulation |
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Term
| veins from the _______ _________ __________ __________ and ________ do not pour their blood directly into the inferior vena cava as do the veins from other abdominal organs |
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Definition
| spleen, stomach, pancreas, gallbladder, and intestines |
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Term
| circulation in the body before birth differs from circulation after birth because the fetus must secure oxygen and food from |
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Definition
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Term
| flexible structure connecting the fetus with the placenta, which allows the umbillical arteries and vein to pass |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 small arteries that carry oxygen-poor blood from the developing fetus to the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| a large vein containing oxygen rich blood from the placenta to developing fetus |
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Definition
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Term
| a continuation of the umbillical vein that shunts blood returning from the placenta past the fetus' developing liver directly into the inferior vena cava |
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Definition
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Term
| shunts blood from the right atrium, allowing most blood to bypass the baby's developing lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| connects the aorta and the pulmonary artery, allowing most blood to bypass the fetus' developing lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| the difference between two blood pressures inthe body |
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Definition
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Term
| abnormally high blood pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| resistance to blood flow encountered in the peripheral arteries |
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Definition
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Term
| factors that control changes in the diameter of arterioles by changing the tension of smooth muscles in the vessel walls |
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Definition
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Term
| venous blood pressure within the right atrium that influences the pressure in the large perifpheral veins |
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Definition
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Term
| device used for measuring blood pressure in the arteries of a limb |
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Definition
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Term
| force with which the blood pushes against the artery walls when the ventricles contract |
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Definition
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Term
| blood pressure in the arteries during diastole of the heart |
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Definition
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Term
| push of blood as it flows through the circulatory system |
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Definition
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Term
| where does blood pressure exist |
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Definition
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|
Term
| hypertension can result in |
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Definition
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|
Term
| hypotension can result in |
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Definition
| blood stops flowing; perfusion |
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Term
| direct cause of blood pressure is |
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Definition
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|
Term
| strength and rate of heartbeat affect |
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Definition
| blood pressure and cardiac output |
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Term
| artery expanding and then recoiling alternately |
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Definition
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