Term
|
Definition
| Eighth President elected in 1837 from New York. He was the Vice President the term before his Presidency, and also served as Secretary of State for Andrew Jackson before that. He is the first American born President. George Bush Senior of the 19th century in the sense that he was left with the economic mess of Andrew Jackson with the Bank of the United States fall out. Somewhat blamed for the economic downfall. Brought about the idea of OK. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A sectional crisis during the presidency of Andrew Jackson, South Caronlina declared by the power of the state that the Federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1830 were unconstitutional. Jackson and Congress reworked the Tarriff of 1830 until it was acceptable to South Carolina. It strengthened federal power and delayed civil way for 30 years, and planted the seed for future succession. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A mercantilist economic plan in the early 1800s brought about by Henry Clay and the Whig Party. It consisted of three mutually reinforcing parts: a tariff to protect and promote American industry; a national bank to foster commerce, and feral subsidies for roads, canals and other internal imporvements to develop profitable markets for agriculture. Tied sections of the country together to form a national economy along with a national government. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He was a banker and the president of the Second Bank of the United States in the 1800s from Pennsylvania. Was the head of the American national economic system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was the forced relocation of largely Cherokee Native Americans following the Indian Removal Act of 1830 during the presidency of Andrew Jackson from the current South Carolina and Georgia area to current Oklahoma area. Many died during the relocation including 4,000 of the 15,000 Cherokee. Showed American racism of the time period. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Native American Tribe from 10,000 BCE to now in South and Oklahoma. Significant because they adopted many white ways and became Jefferson's epitome of "civilizing the native" yet still were nearly exterminated and also Trial of Tears. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was a political party form the 1830s to 1850s formed in opposition to the policies of Andrew Jackson and the Democratic Party. They favored Congress over the Executive Branch. Henry Clay was a notable Whig who spoke of the American System. It kept the two party system alive, and then died by sectionalism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Europeans coming into the US. Largely Irish, and German. Increased population especially in the North. Worked in unskilled labor and factories. Especially in the early 1800s it became important and significant because it helped fuel the American Industrial Revolution with cheap labor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opposition to immigration. Know Nothings, early 19th Century as backlash to immigration, where-north, and significance is the backlash to immigration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A movement by the nativist American political movement in the early 1800s against immigration. It originated in New York and strove to curb immigration. The Know-Nothing name came from the origins of the party when a member was supposed to answer all questions with “I know nothing.” Significant as the backlash to immigration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Workers can work from home. Old school. This was replaced in the 1800s by the factories and manufacturing goods because working from home you just couldn't keep up. Leaving this and going to the Lowell system led to standardization (sizes). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was a labor and production model employed particularly in New England (Massachusetts) in the early 1800s brought about by Waltham and Lowell. This was a system in which all the stages of production of the textiles were done under one roof with employees living in company housing and away from home and family. They lived in the company boarding houses and were held to strict hours and a rigid moral code. Overall created a better work atmosphere for women until they got married. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Starting especially in the North in the mid 1800s, this began to define the roles of women is society. This stated that women's place was in the home, but it was a very important place. It put a great deal of importance on keeping a nice home that the man could come home to after a long hard day at work or in the field. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| These were the people in the South in the 1800s who had the largest plantations and numbers of slaves. This created a class system in which the planter elite were at the top, followed by other white farmers with less land, then white workers, and finally slaves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Half black half white. Generally the product of a female slave and the male master on plantations in the South throughout times of slavery. This enforced the one drop rule. If you have one drop of black, you are black. This became more important for class based. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Is the white defense of slavery in the South during the mid 1800s. Talked about how it is necessary for economy. Called peculiar because it was unique to the American South. Southerners also tried to justify this by saying the slaves are better off in the US even as slaves instead of Africa. Religious justification - bring to Christianity. This is significant because slavery and the South went hand in hand and therefore, when slavery was threatened then the South saw it as a threat to the South. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the idea present in the South in the early 1800s, especially after the ending of the international slave trade and the invention of the cotton gin, with slavery. Since slavery was being pushed back, slaves were often sold southward which would break of the slave families greatly. This led to slaves creating unique families and many adults taking care of children who were not actually their own because their children were already sold south. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was a slave that led a rebellion in Virginia in 1831. 60 whites were killed and at least 100 blacks. He was convicted, sentenced and hung for the rebellion along with the execution of 56 other blacks thought to be involved in the rebellion. This was the largest number of fatalities in one uprising in the South prior to the Civil War. It also caused the creation of laws prohibiting education of blacks, and requiring white ministers to be present at black worship services. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He was an author in the 1800s of New York. Significant for the writing of the Last of the Mohicans, this novel told of stories during the French and Inidian War. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The want to create a perfect society in the 1820s when there is political and industrial unrest. Located especially in the North, but throughout. Significance that people were trying to create greater harmony and just forget about the difficulties that people are facing. Current example of Utopians would be Shakers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Were societies in the 1800s, mostly in the North, who tried to pressure the government to enact anti-alcohol legislation and sometimes complete prohibition. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was an early and influential women's rights convention held in New York in 1848. Lucretia Mott, a Boston based Quaker famous for her speaking ability, was in attendance and the women of New York organized the convention. It spanned two days and six sessions speaking on law and the role of women in society. This was significant in the women's right movement as a whole, and eventually led to gaining the right to vote. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was an American abolitionist in the 1800s from Massachusettes. Significant for being the editor of The Liberator and as one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society, he promoted "immediate emancipation of slaves in the United State. |
|
|
Term
| American Colonization Society |
|
Definition
| Founded in 1816 in the North by John Randolf, Henry Clay, and Richard Bland Lee, this Society supported the "return" of free African Americans to what was consideredgreater freedom in Africa. It helped to found the colony of Liberia in 1821-1822 as a place for freedmen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Abolitionists and women's rights advocates from South Carolina in the 1800s. Symbolized the growing abolitionist movement. They were some of the first willing to speak to mixed audiences. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blurred the sense of nationality between Texan, Mexican, and American. Especially in the early 1800s when Texas went from being a part of Mexico to its own country to a part of the US. The Tejano people were often marginalized compared to the "true Americans" that also settled Texas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the idea that many Americans had during the 1800s of expansion Westward. Many thought that it was the right of the US to have all land coast to coast. This led to various ways of receiving land including the Louisiana purchase, annexation of Texas, and the Mexican War to gain more land including California. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is the name of Texas during the 1830s and 40s between independence from Mexico and addition to the Union. Mexico said that there would be war if the US annexed Texas. Even though there was a lot of US backing in the independence of Texas, we did not annex for 10 years. This started the Mexican war which led to the US gaining California and the territories between that and Texas. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The eleventh President from Tennessee , he was elected in 1845. During his running he said that he would annex Texas, and solve the territory dispute with Britain in Canada and he would do so in one term. He succeeded and was also the president during the Mexican War. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This was the name given to the border dispute between the US and Britain on the West coast. Solved during Polk's presidency in the 1840s, the line was drawn at the 49th parallel. This ended the disputes over land with Britain. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In the late 1840s during the presidency of Polk, this war was started because of the annexation of Texas and the dispute over the border. Texas and the US said that the border went all the way to the Rio Grand, and Mexico did not. As a result, the war was started. US forces defeated the Mexican forces when Winfield Scott captured Mexico City. Winning this war gave the US all the territory from Texas to California. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Whig general in the 1800s from Virginia. Hero of the Mexican War. Led American forces and captured Mexico City. During civil war he came up with the Anaconda plan. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| First introduced by Congressman David Wilmot in 1846, this would have banned slavery in any territory to be acquired form Mexico in the Mexican War or in the future. This was one of the major events leading to the Civil War. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Proposed by Henry Clay in 1850, this was the first thing to come out of the Mexican War. It created popular sovereignty in the territories, fugitive slave act in the North, and admitted California to the Union as a free state. This is the last major compromise before the Civil War. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Passed in 1850, this act gave Southern Slaveholders the ability to come into the North and retrieve runaway slaves. This was significant because it was last straw for many abolitionists, who felt that the South was invading on their decisions on slavery. It was one of the significant causes of the Civil War. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Passed in 1854 Stephen Douglas of Illinois was a large supporter of the Act. It created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement. Significant because needed the organization of territories in order for the transcontinental railroad to be brought through the midwest and to Chicago Illinois where Douglas wanted it to be. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| From Illinois in the mid 1800s, he was a politician who was a leading proponent of democracy. He wanted popular sovereignty in the territories in order to decide the slavery decision in the territories. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was a series of violent political confrontations between anti-slavery and pro-slavery groups that took place in the Kansas Territory and the neighboring towns of Missouri in the late 1850s. It was significant because it was deciding whether Kansas would enter the Union as a free or slave state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1850s Sumner - Abolitionist Senator Mass Brooks - House member from South Carolina. Brooks beat Sumner with his cane on the floor of Congress. Showed the incredible sectional difference between the North and South. The South sent more canes and the North made him a martyr not replacing his seat. Just one of the things (this time even violent) leading to the Civil war. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An anti-slavery novel by Harriet Beecher Stowe of Connecticut published in 1852. It was distributed throughout the US, especially in the North. In parts of the South it was illegal to distribute in many parts of the South. This was significant because it angered so many Northern abolitionists by showing the horrors of slavery. This was one of the major causes of the start of the Civil War. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This was the decision in 1857 over the status of Dred Scott as a slave. He was brought into the territory of Wisconsin by his master. This territory was above the 36 30 line and therefore slavery was not permitted. However, the Supreme Court ruled the Dred Scott was still a slave. This was also significant because the Compromise of 1820 was deemed unconstitutional because of it. It was one of the significant causes of the Civil War. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was articulated by Stephen Douglas in 1858 in Illinois. Lost Douglass the 1860 Presidential election for its Heresy to the South. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Was the first battle of the Civil War in 1861 near Charleston, South Carolina. The Confederate Army won this battle. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Last ditch effort by Senator Crittendon of Kentucky in order to hold the Union together in the 1860s. Didn't work because of timing and it violated Republican principles like slavery in the territories. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The thought of Cotton in the South during the Civil War. They even thought that because of cotton the British would side with the South and help them defeat the Union. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The first of these acts was in 1862 by Justin Morrill of Vermont. This allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges, of which WSU is one of them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The North's strategy to win the Civil War proposed by Winfield Scott. They were going to squeeze the South like an Anaconda by using the Navy on the Atlantic coast and conquering the Mississippi. Conquering the Mississippi would cut the South in half and then they could squeeze the South until they couldn't do anything anymore. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Three day battle in Pennsylvania in 1863. Little Round Top and Corb's Hill on the flanks. Chamberlain and the men of the 20th Main defeated the Confederates on Little Round Top with their bayonets when they ran out of ammunition. This battle is significant because the South was never able to be on the offensive again and it ultimately leads to the Union winning the Civil War. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In 1863, the seige of Vicksburg Missouri was led by Union General Grant. This was the final battle along the Mississippi River and successfully separated the South. This was part of the Anaconda plan of the North to squeeze the South into submission. This was also the final battle that Grant fought in the West before Lincoln brought him over to fight Lee in the East. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Virginia in 1865 this is where Lee and Grant met to discuss the surrender of the Confederates Final place that the Union and Confederates met of the Civil War. Significance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Professor at Boden College from Maine. Colonel of the 20th Main at the Battle of Gettysburg for the Union on Little Round Top in 1863 in Pennsylvania. On the second day of the battle he ordered a military move largely out of desperation because they didn't have any ammunition left. The men of the Union put their bayonets onto the guns and drove the Confederates from Little Round Top. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The General of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia from Virginia during the Civil War (1861-1865). He is one of the best generals and tacticians in US history and between his tactics and Stonewall Jackson, the Confederacy were able to hold off the Union army from taking Richmond for over three years, surprising the world with the abilities of the South. |
|
|
