The era introduced congregate but silent style.

Mass Prison Era known as the Auburn system

Treatment Era

Treatment based on medical model

individual and group therapy programs evolved

Society for prevention of pauperisim established first in New York City.

They were designed to save children from lives of proverty and crime.

They housed mostly thieves,vagrants and runaways

• Delinquent - children who violated the criminal law if adults would be charge with the offense.
• Undisciplined - kids said to be beyond parental control and therefore in need of state protection.
• Dependent - kids who typically have no parents
• Neglected - kids who didnt receive proper care
• Abused - kids who suffered physical abuse
• Status Offenders - kids who are runaways,curfewof truancy.

• A group of individual sharing similarities of age, place or birth and residence
• A social science technique by which cohorts are tracked over time in order to identify unique and observable behavioral traits which characterize them.

Winship was charged with illegally entering a locker and stealing $112 form a pocketbook.

U.S. Supreme court upheld appeal estabishing proof beyond a reasable doubt

Arrested i D.C and charged with several burglaries and attempted purse snatchin.

The case ended "hand off"era in juvenile justice

He got off because they sent him to adult court without a juvenile hearing.

• The court room stage at the juvenile level which is imilar in substance to a criminal hearing or trial.
• An emphasis is placed on privacy.
• Adjudicatory hearings tend  to be less formal than a criminal trial.

• The final stage in processing of adjudicated juveniles in which decision is made on the form of treatment or penalty which should be imposed.
• judge typicall has wider range of dipositions than do judges in adult criminal cases.

• Charged with ensuring order in the court room.
• Announces entry of the Judge
• Calls out names of witnesses

• Decides which charges are to be filled against the defendant.
• Introduces evidence against defendant at trial.
• Directs testimony of witnesses for the state.

• Ensure justice take place.

• Rules on matters of the law

an order dircting the person detaining a prisoner to bring him before a judicial.

means - you have the body.

Convicted of burglarizing a coin shop based on evidence gathered at his arrest.

U.S Supreme Court the decided that the search became invalid when it went beyond the arrested person's area of "immediate control"

• Was suspected of hiding a bombing suspect
• U.S Supreme court decided :14th amendent due process applied to local police not just federal offecers.
• Evidence against illegally obtained

• is suspected of selling lottery tickets throught the mail.
• His personal property is conifiscated.
• some the property had been illegally seized then the remainder of the proprety is alos consideredto be illegally seized.
• this case established the Excusionary rule.

• was convicted of carrying a concealed weapon.
• appealed bascd on fact that the officer had no probable cause to search.
• stop and frisk - requires reasonable suspicion.

was arrested for kidnapping and rape

the entire aura and atmosphereof police interrogation without notification of his right.

• discovery
• Plea Negatiations

• Read list of charges
• First Time Accused Pleads
• Guilty
• Not Guilty
• Nolo Contendere

• Aproceeding before a judicial officer in which three matter must be decided
• that a crime has been committed
• Within jurisdiction of a court
• Reasonable ground to believe defendant committed crime.

• Advised of charges
• Advised of Right
• Set bail
• Set preliminary hearing date

• Pre-sentence investigation
• Mandatory Guidelines

• Pre-sentence investigation
• Mandatory Guidelines

Defines citizenship and deals with post-civil war issues

due process