the heavily armored infantryman, named from his distinctive shield. They were the dominant military arm from the seventh century on, gradually undergoing changes in weaponry and tactics. Because greek governments did not issue arms to their soldiers, hoplites tended to come for the middle class, men able to afford armor and swords.

Belief in one God     

A branch of anthropology that studies prehistoric people and their cultures

-study of past human societies; Includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts, & cultural landscapres.  

Excellent, and Kratos- power, is a form of government in which a few of the most prominent citizens rule.  “Rule of the best” Ancient Greece- council of prominent citizens was commonly used and contrasted with monarchy. 

literally “On-Writing”, “Inscription” is the study of inscriptions or epigraphs and writing, -science of identifying the graphemes and of classifying their use as to cultural context and date, elucidating their meaning and assessing what conclusion can be deduced concerninbg the writing and the writers.  

1 of 2 linear and possibly sullabi scripts used in ancient crete before Mycenaean Greek Linear B. àLinear A was the official script for the palaces and cults and cretan hieroglyphs were mainly used on seals.

syllabic script that was used for writing for Mycenaean Greek- predated before the Greek Alphabet but came after Linear A. it was the more common writing. (clay tablets)

Democracy- The political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives

-a political system where the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them & majority rule: the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decision binding on the whole group

The political orientation of those who favor government by the people or by their elected representatives

-a political system where the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them & majority rule: the doctrine that the numerical majority of an organized group can make decision binding on the whole group

Great hall of the Mycenaean palace complexes- rectangular hall, fronted by an open, two- columned porch- it was the ceremonial center, used for feasts, councils, and receptions of visitors. (it was an essential plan for the Greek Temple)

the Polis armies were increasingly made up of heavily armored foot soldiers called Hoplites- arranged in a tightly packed formation called the Phalanx. Soldiers lined up almost shoulder to shoulder with each rank almost treading on the heels of one in front of it. Opposing Phalanx formed up eight rows deep charged at one another and collided. They had long heavy spears and short swords for close fighting.

(“pan”-all)  religious sanctuaries and festive. The Panhellenic festivals fostered a sense of greek identity, reinforcing a feeling that Greeks everywhere shared a common heritage, language, and religion.

1899- started to excavate a palace complex. Enormous palace or small city made by buildings- ancient civilization that evans uncovered was because of the society remains.

underground  Maze in Knossos

the bull charges at you- you jump over the null and between his horns. Vault on the bulls back- and then either land on feet or someone catches you. Ceremonial .

complete with each other for status and prestige- more prominent in hunting and hiking and is a mature individual (middle age). Hunting, hiking, skilled at public speaking and persuading people. Hunts and Farms harder than  anyone else and give it away to other people and this= more prestige.

extended comparison- Simile= comparison (little picture of life)

race of creatures that are composed of part human and part horse.  Credited for prophecies inspired by Apoolo, giving her a prominence unusual for a woman in a male-dominated  ancient Greece.

Priestess at the temple of Apllo and Delphi. widely

all free-born members of the Polis were citizens,  they were far equal from their citizens rights. Female citizens were denied any participation in political affairs. This was the exclusive domain of male citizens who were over 18 yrs old. à to vote, speak in the assembly, hold office, serve as judges, fight in the army= determined unequal along economic and social levels. Citizenship was denied to most ex-slaves and resident aliens. Many priesthoods were held by women. The Polis depended on women for the stability of the household (bearing/ rearing children) production of clothes, management of slaves.  

a warrior king who took part in fighting along with his military commander and subordinate commanders.

title of minor local official within a Mycanaean kingdom- although it normally translates as “King”.

Primeval divinity of earth, one of the primal elements who first emerged at the dawn of creation, along with airm sea and sky. Greatest mother of all.

also known as Ouranosm embodiment of the sky or heavens- known as the god of the sky

the Titan God of time and the ages, especially time where regarded as destructive and all-devouring.  He ruled the cosmos during the so-called Goldren Age, after castrating and deposing his father Ouranos (the Sky). In fear of a prophecy that he would be in turn overthrown by his own son- he swallowed all of his children. However, Rhea managed to save the youngest Zeus.

was the Titanis mother of the Gods, and a goddess of female fertility, motherhood, and generation. Her name means “flow” and “ease”. As the wife of Kronos, she represented the eternal flow of time and generations as the great mother, the “flow” was menstrual blood, birth water, and milk.

Olympian queen of the gods and the goddess of women and marriage. She was also a goddess of the sky and starry heavens. Swhe was usually depicted as a beautiful women wearing a crown and holding a loyal, lotus—tipped staffed.  Some of the other famous myths- her marriage to Zeus and her earlier seduction by the god in the guise of a cuckoo bird. The Trojan war where she assisted the Greeks.

the son and Zeus and Leto. God of music, playing a golden lyre, of light and truth, who cannot tell a lie.

son of Zeus and hera- both parents disliked him. He is the god of war and is considered murderous and bloodstained and a coward.

son of Zeus and Hera. Obly god who is physically ugly and lame. He is the god of fire and forge. He is the smith and armourer of the gods. He uses a volcano as his forge. He is the patron god of both smiths and weavers. He is kind and peace loving.

most generous of the Olympian goddesses/ goddess of the bountiful harvest- teaching humans how to grow, preserve and prepare grain. Thought to be responsible for the fertility of the land. Only goddess who was involved on a day-to-day basis in the lives of the common folks.

twin borther sons of Zeus.  They are the twin stars that form the constellation Gemini. Castor is Mortal while Polydeuces is immoral- since only one parent was immortal. Castor was murdered when they returned home from a quest- Pollux wanted to share the immortality with castor- they spent alternate days on Olympus as gods and in Hades as deceased mortals.

titan god of forethought and crafty counsel who was entrusted with the task of molding mankind out of clay

titan god of afterthought, the father of excuses. Brother= Prometheus given task of populating the earth with animals and men. Epimetheus exhausted all the supply of gifts allotted for the taks in the equiptment of animals, leaving Prometheus helpless. He had to steal fire from Zeus which really pissed Zeus off.