Term
| What is the relationship between a teaspoon (tsp), cc/ml and gtts (drops)? |
|
Definition
| 1 tsp = 5cc's/ml or 75 gtts (drops) |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship between 1 tablespoon (tbs) and mL's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship between 1 ounce, tablespoon and mL's? |
|
Definition
| 1 ounce = 2 tablespoons = 30 mL's |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship between teaspoons and table spoons? |
|
Definition
| 1 tablespoon(tbs) = 3 teaspoons (tsp) |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship between drops (gtts) and mL's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Calculate the dose of Keflex for a 20 kg child assuming we want 75 mg/kg/day divided QID. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major SEs seen with Cipro and Doxycycline? |
|
Definition
Cipro = tendon rupture under 18 years old.
Doxy = photosensitivity |
|
|
Term
| What are the only antibiotic drops that can be used with a perforated TM? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the first line treatment options for Otitis Media? |
|
Definition
1st line = Amoxicillin or Augmentin.
2nd line = Omnicef (3rd gen cephalosporin) |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for chronic otitis externa? |
|
Definition
| Cortisporin otic (Neomycin/polyB/corticosteroid) |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for fungal otitis media? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the treatment options for malignant otitis externa? |
|
Definition
| Merrem (carbepenum) is first line but most people use IV Cipro |
|
|
Term
| What are the treatment options for acute otitis externa (Swimmer's ear)? |
|
Definition
Cortisporin (neomycin/polyB/hydrocortisone)
Oflaxacin otic
Dicloxacillin
Cipro HC otic |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Mastoiditis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for an Ear abscess? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for a cerumen impaction? |
|
Definition
| No antibiotics, try OTC Debrox or lubricants that have peroxide in them |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for an insect foreign body in the ear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the treatment options for mild-moderate bacterial conjunctivitis in a non-neonate? Moderate to severe? |
|
Definition
Mild-Mod =
Azithromycin
Bleph-10 (sulfacetamide)
Mod-Severe =
Quinolones
*all soln |
|
|
Term
| What are the treatment options for allergic conjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
| Benadryl, Claritin, Zyrtec, Palgic, or Allegra |
|
|
Term
| Why should you be careful giving Benadryl to someone with asthma? |
|
Definition
| It thickening pulmonary secretions |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Blepharitis? |
|
Definition
| warm compress, artificial tears and baby shampoo |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for a Hordeolum/Stye? What if it is caused by MRSA? |
|
Definition
Dicloxacillin + hot pack.
MRSA = Bactrim |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for a corneal abrasion? What if it is in a contact lens wearer? |
|
Definition
Erythromycin or Bacitracin ointment and pain meds.
Contact lens = Cipro. |
|
|
Term
| What do you want to avoid with any viral eye infection? |
|
Definition
| Steroids, it can worsen it. |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat Herpes Keratitis? 2nd line? How do you prevent recurrence? |
|
Definition
1st line = Trifluridine drops.
2nd line - Vidarabine ointment.
Prevent recurrence with acyclovir.
*all are antivirals |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat scleritis? |
|
Definition
| Steroids or NSAIDs, no abx |
|
|
Term
| How can you treat Iritis? |
|
Definition
| Cyclogyl, Isopto or Prednisolone. (anticholinergics or steroids) |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat orbital cellulitis if MRSA is not suspected? If it is? What if they have a PCN allergy? |
|
Definition
No MRSA = Nafcillin IV
MRSA = Vanco+Rocephin+Flagyl IV
PCN allergy = Vanco+Levaquin+Flagyl
*Admit patient! |
|
|
Term
| What are the treatment options for Periorbital Cellulitis? Severe? |
|
Definition
Keflex, Unasyn, Cleocin, Bactrim, Doxy or Vanco.
Severe = Cleocin (clindamycin) |
|
|
Term
| What are the main side effects of Vancomycin? Why must you inject it slow? |
|
Definition
Main SEs = SJS and it is ototoxic.
Inject slow to prevent Redman Syndrome causing hypotension. |
|
|
Term
| What is the PEDS dosing ratio of trimethoprim(TMP) to sulfamethoxazole(SMZ) in bactrim? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Suppose you have a 12 kg child and he needs 20 mg/kg/day of TMP and you want to give it TID. How many mL's does he need to take assuming a ratio of 40/200 Bactrim per 5mL's of suspension? |
|
Definition
| 10mL's TID to get his 240 mg of TMP |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for bacterial pharyngitis? How long should you treat? |
|
Definition
PCN, Macrolide or 2nd generation Cephalosporin with possible steroid if airway compromise.
Treat for 10 days. |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for gonococcal pharyngitis? |
|
Definition
| Rocephin IM + Doxy or Zithromax for chlamydia coverage |
|
|
Term
| What type of analgesic should you use for a sore throat? SEs? |
|
Definition
Viscous lidocaine
SEs = hypotension and arrythmias |
|
|
Term
| What is the first line treatment for Epiglottitis? |
|
Definition
| 1st line = 3rd gen Ceph (Rocephin /Claforan). |
|
|
Term
| What are the first line treatment options for a retropharyngeal abscess? |
|
Definition
| Clindamycin or PCN with Flagyl |
|
|
Term
| What is the mainstay treatment for Laryngitis? What can it progress to? |
|
Definition
| voice rest and humidified air, it can become Croup. |
|
|
Term
| What is the first line treatment option for acute sinusitis? Second line if allergy? |
|
Definition
1st line = Amoxicillin, Augmentin or Cephalosporin.
2nd line if PCN allergy = Quinolone or Macrolide. |
|
|
Term
| What is the preferred allergic rhinitis med for those under 4-5 years old? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pharmacologic treatment regimen for an MI? |
|
Definition
| MONA + Heparin or Lovenox |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Prinzmetals angina? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main concern with the CCB/statin: Caduet (amiodipine/atorvastatin)? |
|
Definition
| Liver function, monitor LFTs |
|
|
Term
| What is the main contraindications for the CCB: Cardiazem (diltiazem)? |
|
Definition
| Sick Sinus Syndrome, 2nd/3rd degree heart block, acute MI or pulmonary edema. |
|
|
Term
| What are the main contraindications to the Beta Blocker: Inderal (propranolol)? |
|
Definition
| asthma, bradycardia, heart block or CHF |
|
|
Term
| What is the major drug class that nitrates interact with? |
|
Definition
| Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (Viagra, Levitra, Cialis) |
|
|
Term
| What are the main contraindications to the CCB: Nicardipine? |
|
Definition
| Advanced aortic stenosis and Tagamet use as it increases the effects of Nicardipine. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main contraindication to ACEi use in CHF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the indication, main contraindication and major SEs of Amiodarone? |
|
Definition
Indication = unstable ventricular arrythmias.
Contraindication = 2nd/3rd degree AV block.
SEs = pulmonary fibrosis, corneal deposits, optic neuropathy. |
|
|
Term
| What is the indication, major contraindication and main adverse effects of Digoxin? |
|
Definition
Indication = chronic A fib.
Contraindication = v fib.
SEs = CNS effects and blurred vision. |
|
|
Term
| What is the best treatment for high triglycerides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main contraindication to statin (Crestor/Lipitor) use? Which cholesterol levels do statins work on? |
|
Definition
Main contraindication = Liver disease.
Use = drops LDL and total cholesterol levels. |
|
|
Term
| The indication for this drug is when trigs are over 1000mg/dL and pancreatitis is likely |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main contraindication to the Fibrate (Trichor)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main contraindication to the Bile Adid Binding Resin (Welchol)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the rapid acting HTN meds? |
|
Definition
Nitroprusside, Nitroglycerine, Labetalol, Hydralazine and Nicardipine.
*Clonidine is kind of fast. |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 main causes of Bronchiolitis? Treatment? |
|
Definition
RSV (50%) and Parainfluenza virus (25%).
Oxygen is mainstay treatment and Ribavirin in certain cases. |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat acute bronchitis? |
|
Definition
| Usually with bronchodilators and anti-tussives. |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat Pertussis? |
|
Definition
| Macrolide antibiotic or Bactrim if the bacteria is resistant. |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat pneumonia in a 4 month to 5 year old? What if they are admitted? |
|
Definition
Tx = Amoxacillin.
If admitted = Ampicillin or Rocephin. |
|
|
Term
| What are the treatment options for an outpatient 5-15 year old with pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| AMoxicillin, Biaxin, Zithromax |
|
|
Term
| What are the adult treatment options for pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| Macrolides, Doxy, Augmentin, Quinolones, amoxicillin or Cephalosporins |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment regimen for an adult hospitalized pneumonia patient? ICU? |
|
Definition
Hospitalized = Rocephin + Zithromax.
ICU = Avelox or Levaquin. |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for aspiration pneumonia leading to a lung abscess? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for an HIV patient with bronchitis or pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| They respond well to Bactrim DS |
|
|
Term
| When should someone take Tamiflu for FLU treatment? |
|
Definition
| within 48 hours of onset of flu symptoms |
|
|
Term
| How long should someone wait to take get a flu shot if they have had tamiflu? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common use of Ancef in orthopedics? |
|
Definition
| Used IV as a pre-operative antibiotic |
|
|
Term
| What is the common orthopedic use of Keflex, Duracef and Omnicef? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the considerations to keep in mind when prescribing Ultram or Ultracet as pain meds? |
|
Definition
| They can be addicting and they lower the seizure threshold. |
|
|
Term
| What is the major contraindication to Tylenol with Codeine use? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which pain meds are considered moderate to heavy? |
|
Definition
| Nubain, Vicodin, Ultracet and Ultram |
|
|
Term
| Which pain meds are considered "hardcore"? |
|
Definition
| Demerol, Dilaudid, Percocet, Fentanyl, Percodan, Oxycodone and Morphine |
|
|
Term
| What are the uses of Lyrica? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscle relaxer is used against MS and muscular dystrophy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which muscle relaxers can be used with pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common class of drugs used to treat nausea and vomiting? |
|
Definition
| Phenothiazines (Compazine and Phenergan) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common side effect of Phenothiazines (Compazine and Phenergan)? Can they be used in pregnancy? |
|
Definition
Most common SE is CNS depression/sedation.
They cannot be used in pregnancy (category C). |
|
|
Term
| What are the most common SEs of the antihistamine anticholinergic transdermal scopolamine patch? |
|
Definition
| blurry vision, dilated pupils, urinary retention and dry mouth |
|
|
Term
| When would you use Helidac over Prevpac for H. pylori infection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main contraindication to Aciphex use? |
|
Definition
| Renal disease because it works through bicarb system |
|
|
Term
| Which H2 Blocker and PPI are notorious for having many drug interactions? |
|
Definition
H2 = Tagamet.
PPI = Prilosec. |
|
|
Term
| Which drugs/classes has Tagamet been known to increase the concentration of by inhibiting the P450 enzymatic breakdown of the drug? |
|
Definition
| anticoagulants, benzodiazepines, theophylline, phenytoin, nifedipine and propranolol |
|
|
Term
| What are some common PPI's? What do their names end in? |
|
Definition
End in "-azole".
Aciphex, Nexium, Prevacid, Prilosex and Protonix |
|
|
Term
| What are some common H2 blockers? What do their names end in? |
|
Definition
end in "-tidine"
Axid
Pepcid
Tagamet
Zantac |
|
|
Term
| Which drug used to treat DM II commonly causes diarrhea? Most dangerous SE? |
|
Definition
| Metformin, can cause lactic acidosis. |
|
|
Term
| Should anti-diarrhea agents be used in patients with parasitic or some bacterial infections such as shigella? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Amebiasis and Giardiasis and C. diff? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major concern with a patient taking Flagyl? |
|
Definition
| Disulfiram like reaction, do not drink. |
|
|
Term
| What are the treatment options for chronic diarrhea? |
|
Definition
Opiates (Imodium and Lomotil)
or
Absorbents (Pepto-Bismol and Kaopectate) |
|
|
Term
| What are the treatment options for constipation? |
|
Definition
| increased fiber diet or supplementing the diet with bulk-forming agents such as Metamucil. |
|
|
Term
| Should you use agents that stimulate peristalsis if intestinal obstruction is a possibility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the use of Methergine in OBGYN? |
|
Definition
| post-partum bleeding and ectopics |
|
|
Term
| What is the use of Methotrexate in OBGYN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the use of Oxytocin in OBGYN? |
|
Definition
| Labor induction, stimulate contractions and post-partum bleeding |
|
|
Term
| What is the best anti-emmetic drug to use during pregnancy? Why? |
|
Definition
| Zofran because it is less sedating than phenergan. |
|
|
Term
| What is the risk of pushing more than 25mg of Phenergan at a time? |
|
Definition
| Risk of gangrene & respiratory depression |
|
|
Term
| What drugs can we use to stop contractions in pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| Magnesium sulfate, terbutaline and glucocorticoids |
|
|
Term
| What drugs do we use for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia? |
|
Definition
| Magnesium sulfate and anti HTN drugs |
|
|
Term
| What are the main SEs of iron supplementation for mild anemia in pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| constipation and green stool |
|
|
Term
| What is the major risk of not treating STDs or other pelvicc infections during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you use to treat trichomonas during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| Flagyl, but try to avoid in the 1st trimester |
|
|
Term
| What do you use to treat yeast infections during pregnancy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for bacterial vaginitis/vaginosis in pregnancy? |
|
Definition
| Flagyl, try to avoid in first trimester. |
|
|
Term
| How do we treat dysfunction uterine bleeding? |
|
Definition
| Progestin class drugs, end in "-thindrone" |
|
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