purple or bluish purple fading to green, yellow, brown
blood outside vessels secondary to trauma, bruise

bleeding disorders

superficial flat papules covered by dry scale

round or irregular

pink, tan, gray

may develop into squamous cell carcinoma

face, hand

common, benign, yellow to brown raised lesions

slightly greasy, velvety, warty

older individuals

malignant, no mets

slow grower

fair skinned adults > 40 yo

face

translucent nodules

may develop from actinic keratosis

grows quickly

firm, red

fair skinned adults > 60 yo

can be dangerous

changing nevi

ABCD

no identifiable underlying cause

Migraines

Tension

Cluster

arise from other conditions

analgesic rebound

errors of refraction

acute glaucoma

sinusitis

subarachnoid hemorrhage

meningitis

brain tumor

cranial neuralgia

nearsightedness

the image converges before the retina

farsightedness

image converges past the retina

Loss of vision in the same visual field in both eyes (R or L)

indicated a lesion on opposite optic tract or radiation

Loss of vision in opposite visual fields in each eye

lesion on optic chiasm such that the nerve fibers crossing are damaged and temporal vision is obstructed

with/out aura

primary neuronal dysfunction causing inbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters

often unilateral but can be bilateral

throbbing, aching

4-72 hours

nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, aura

muscle contraction of vasoconstriction

usually bilateral (frontotemporal)

pressing or tightening pain

minutes-days

no nausea

extracranial vasodilation from neural dysfunction

unilateral, usually behind/around eye

up to 3 hours

very episodic

lacrimation, rhinorrhea, mioisis, ptosis, edema

spinning sensation

nystagmus

ataxia

peripheral vestibular function

near faint

orthostatic hypotension

medication, arrhythmia

vasovagal attack

unsteadiness or inbalance while walking

visual loss

MSK problems

peripheral neuropathy

anxiety

panic disorder

hyperventilation

depression

somatization disorder

Sudden onset peripheral vertigo

sensorineural hearing loss

tinnitus

pressure and fullness in affected ear

nausea

vomiting

nystagmus

diffuse dilatation of conjunctival vessels

redness

watery, mucoid, mucopurulent exudate

leakage of blood outside of vessel

sharply demarcated red area

benign

ciliary injection

diffuse redness

watery or purulent exudate

pupil not affected

ciliary injection

diffuse redness

decreased vision

irregular pupil

systemic disorders

opacity of lens visible through pupil

nuclear (gray) or peripheral

think grayish white arc near edge of cornea

often in African Americans

hyperlipoproteinemia

benign

large, irregular, unilateral

reaction to light is reduced

near reaction is slow

blurred vision

deep tendon reflexes decreased

dilated pupil is fixed to light and near effort

ptosis of upper lid

lateral deviation of eye

small pupil but reacts to light and near effort

ptosis of lid

sweating

involved iris is lighter

small irregular pupils that accomodate but do not react to light

CNS syphilis

fluid in pleural cavity

dullness

higher level of diaphragmatic excursion

air in pleural space

hyperresonance