Term
| Humanistic approaches have been referred to as the ____ ____ in psychology. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Client Centered Thearpy
Existential Therapy
Gestalt Therapy
Reality Therapy
Transactional Analysis
Feminist Therapy |
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Term
| Whose name is usually associated with Client Centered Therapy |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Based on the notion that we all have self-actualizing tendency that guides and motivates us. |
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Term
| What are the goals of client-centered therapy? |
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Definition
Realize capacity for self-actualization
Reduce incongruence |
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Term
| Self-actualizing tendency |
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Definition
| capacity for growth, constructive change and self-understanding |
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Term
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Definition
Conflict between self-concept and the indivdiual's experience
Leads to maladjustment |
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Term
| Accd to Rogers, Characteristics of an effective therapist: |
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Definition
Accurate empathic understanding
Unconditional positive regard
Congruence |
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Term
| Process of change in client-centered therapy |
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Definition
Describing feelings
Experiencing feelings
Accepting genuine feelings |
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Term
| client-centered therapy & diagnoses |
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Definition
| Client centered therapists do not diagnose clients, becasue it puts attention on the disorder and not the person. |
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Term
| Existential Theapy - theory of personality |
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Definition
| personality is an outgrowth of the struggle between the indivdiaul and the "ultimate concerns" of existnace |
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Term
The "ultimate concerns" are:
(existential theory) |
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Definition
Death
Isolation
Meaninglessness
Personal Responsibility |
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Term
| Existential Therapy theory of pathology |
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Definition
Two types of anxiety:
existential
neurotic |
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Term
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Definition
Normal anxiety, proportionate to cause. Does not require repression and can be used constructively
(Existential Therapy) |
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Term
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Definition
Results when an indivdiual tries to evade existential anxiety
Manifests as lack loss of sense of free will and inability to take responsibility for actions
(Existential Therapy) |
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Term
| Goals of Existential Therapy |
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Definition
Eliminate neurotic anxiety to the degree possible
Help client to learn to tolearte unavoidable existential anxiety of life |
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Term
| Techniques of Existential Therapy |
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Definition
- Identify instances when client avoids responsbility for actions
- Help patient consider options/make decisions
- Point out how grief and reaction to life milestones are related to underlying fears of death and isolation
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Term
| Who applied the principals of gestalt psychology to Gestalt Therapy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Gest therapy is based on idea that . . . |
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Definition
| each person is capable of assuming responsbility and living fully as a whole, integrated person |
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Term
| Gestalt Therapy view of personality |
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Definition
| personality consists of the self and the self image. A person's interactions w/ environment determine which part of the personality exerts the most control. |
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Term
The Self
(Gestal Therapy) |
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Definition
Promotes Actualization, Growth and Awareness
"wants" |
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Term
Self-Image
(Gestalt Thearpy) |
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Definition
Imposes external standards on the self and impairs self-actualization
"shoulds" |
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Term
Boundary Disturbances
(Gestalt Therapy) |
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Definition
Introjection
Projection
etroflection
Deflection
Confluence
Isolation |
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Term
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Definition
| Absorbing information without actually understanding or assimilating it |
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Term
Projection
(Gestalt Therapy) |
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Definition
| Attributing unacceptable thoughts, feelings and beahviors to someone else |
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Term
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Definition
A substitution of self for the environment. A person does to himself/herself what he/she wants to do to others
Chief mechanism underlying isolation |
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Term
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Definition
| The avoidance of contact and/or awarness by being vague, indirect or overly polite |
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Term
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Definition
| Person doesn't experience self as distinct, but merged into others. Boundary between self & enviornment is thin |
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Term
Isolation
(Gestalt Therapy) |
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Definition
Extreme version of confluence
No boundary betwen self and environment, and all understanding of the importance of others for the self is lost. |
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Term
Can a boundary disturbance ever be healthy?
(Gestalt Therapy) |
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Definition
Yes. Specifically when:
adaptive
person is aware of them |
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Term
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Definition
Awareness
Focus on here and now - incorporates wants instead of shoulds |
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Term
| Gestalt Therapy Techniques |
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Definition
Directed Awareness
I-statements
Dream Analysis
Empty Chair |
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Term
| How does a Gestalt therapist deal with transference? |
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Definition
| Ignore it. Transference is a fantasy that gets in teh way of true self-awareness |
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Term
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Definition
Focus on present beahvior, to enable him/her to be realistic in fulfilling needs w/o harming self and others, and encourage client to take responsibility for actions
(Glasser) |
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Term
| What population was Glasser working with when he developed Reality Therapy? |
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Definition
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Term
| Five basic needs in Reality Therapy |
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Definition
- Survival
- Power
- Belonging
- Freedom
- Fun
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Term
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Definition
Person is able to meet his/her needs w/o infringing on the rights of others
(Reality Therapy) |
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Term
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Definition
A person needs his/her needs in an irresponsible way
(Reality Therapy) |
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Term
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Definition
| replace a failure identity with a success identity |
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Term
| Schools Without Failure (SWF) |
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Definition
- program that applies Reality Therapy in schools
- Educates teachers and principals about responsible behavior
- Emphasis on teaching thinking, vs memorizing
- Encourages success-oriented philosophy of education
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Term
| Transactional Analysis (TA) |
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Definition
Berne
Aims to simplify the client's understanding of maladaptive interactions |
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Term
3 Ego States
(Transactional Analysis) |
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Definition
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Term
Transactions
(Transactional Analysis) |
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Definition
| Interactions between people |
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Term
Strokes
(Transactional Analysis) |
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Definition
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Term
| Two levels at which transactions take place |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A person's life plan - reflects his/her charactiestic pattern of giving and receiving strokes
Unhealthy script leads to unhealthy beahvior |
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Term
4 Life Positions
(Transactional Analysis) |
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Definition
I'm okay - You're okay*
I'm okay - You're not okay
I'm not okay - You're okay
I'm not okay - You're not okay
*healthy position |
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Term
| Three types of transactions |
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Definition
Complementary Transaction
Crossed Transaction
Ulterior Transaction |
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Term
| Complementary Transaction |
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Definition
Original communication is met with appropriate response.
Can occur across any combination of ego states |
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Term
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Definition
| Original communication elicits a response from an inappropriate ego state. |
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Term
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Definition
One of the communicators is giving a dual message, which results in confusion.
Communication can be coming from one of two different ego states |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of ulterior transactions that is repeated over time and results in bad feelings for both players |
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Term
| Goal of Transactional Analysis |
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Definition
Alter maladaptive life positions and life scripts and integrate them into the three ego states
Ideally, client will return to I'm okay - You're okay life position, develop a healthy life script, and learn to manage ego states. |
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Term
| Main Assumptions of Feminist Therapy |
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Definition
Social roles and socialization are important determinants of behavior
Psychological conflicts arise from social role conflicts
Sexism/oppression of women based on gender is related to prblms women report when seeking tx |
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Term
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Definition
| Empowerment - helping women to become more self-defining and self-determining |
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Term
| What is the therapist/client relationship like in feminist therapy |
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Definition
The relationship is "demystified"
Attempt to equalize power in the therapeutic relationship |
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Term
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Definition
Variation on Feminist Therapy
Therapeutic techniques that attempt to remove the sexist bias from treatment |
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Term
| Similarities between Feminist Therapy and Non Sexist Therapy |
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Definition
Both focus on equalizing power between therapist and client
Both focus on validating non-sterotypical gender roles/aspirations for women
Both reject traditional methods of dx and assessment
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Term
| Differences between Feminist Therapy and Non Sexist Therapy |
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Definition
Feminist therpy promotes feminist values
Feminist thearpy views contributing to social/political change as a therapy goals |
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Term
| Feminist Object-Relations Therapy |
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Definition
( Chodorow)
Incorporates psychodynamic principles into feminist theory
Uses object relations theory to explain how gender roles are constructed, maintained and reproduced |
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Term
| Chodorow's theory focuses on gender differences in ______ & ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| From the Feminist Object-Relations perspective, changes in gender roles/relations will occur when __________ |
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Definition
| The present system of parenting is replaced with a system in which men and women are equally responsible for child-rearing |
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Term
| Why was Self-in-Relation Theory developed? |
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Definition
| To explain the experience and development of self in women |
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Term
| According to Self-in-Relation theory, what does sense of self depend on? |
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Definition
| How a person connects/relates to others |
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Term
| Accd to Self-in-Relation Theory, how does growth occur? |
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Definition
| Through an empathic process of connections |
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Term
| How does Self-in-Relation Theory view development? |
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Definition
| A progresson from dependency towards a mature state of interdependency |
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Term
| According to Self-in-relation theory, how does pathology develop? |
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Definition
| Pathology is an inevitable outcome of disconnection from others |
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Term
| Goal of Self-in-Relation Thearpy |
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Definition
| Increase clients' interpersonal connections |
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Term
| The most important interpersonal connection is the _______ relationship |
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Definition
mother/daughter
(self-in-relation theory) |
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Term
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Definition
View of relationships as reciprocal, in which both affect the other and are affected by the other
Central to self-in-relation theory |
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