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CMI
Chapter 8,9,&10 C.M.
49
Other
Undergraduate 1
06/12/2007

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Term
BIOS
Definition
(Basic Input/Output System) Programs: POST Routine, Setup program, BIOS programs, BOOT intstructions
Term
POST
Definition
Power On Self Test
Term
CMOS Setup Program
Definition
GUI that is a part of the collection of BIOS programs. Allows user to make minor changes to the BIOS: Boot order, System clock, quick post
Term
The Boot Process
Definition
POST, BIOS & CMOS are copied to system RAM, Bootstrap loader looks for the boot sector and loads operating system
Term
What are the 2 main types of RAM?
Definition
Static and Dynamic
Term
What are the characteristics of RAM
Definition
Volatility, Refresh, Access Speed, and Packaging (Form Factor)
Term
CAS
Definition
Column Address Strobe
Term
Latency of Memory
Definition
Smaller the CAS number, the better
Term
Packaging types (for RAM)
Definition
DIMM, RIMM, and SO RIMM (Small Outline DIMM)
Term
ECC
Definition
(Error Correction Code) - 64 bits w/ 7 bits extra for correcting (ECC RAM costs 10-20% more)
Term
Registered Memory
Definition
Buffered memory, cannot mix with unregistered type, Dual CPU may require registered memory (costs more)
Term
SRAM
Definition
(Static RAM) - Cache, NO refresh signal, Bulky/Expensive (made up of two NOT gates)
Term
DRAM
Definition
(Dynamic RAM) - Cost Efficient, requires refresh signal, uses one capacitor and one transistor to hold a bit of data (265kbs of RAM = 2 million transistors/capacitor pairs total)
Term
Refresh Cycle
Definition
Level detector measures capacitor charge, if more than 1/2 full, it is charged
Term
SDRAM
Definition
Synchronus Dynamic RAM
PC100 = 100MHz
PC133 = 133MHz
Term
DDR SDRAM
Definition
(Double Data Rate RAM) - 184 pin DIMM package with one notch, 64 bit channel (twice as much info)
200MHz = PC1600, 266MHz = PC2100, 333MHz = PC2700, 400MHz = PC3200
Term
JEDEC
Definition
Set standards for DDR speeds. Over clocked memory is not supported by JEDEC or most chipsets
Term
Dual Channel DDR RAM
Definition
Chipset MUST be dual channel, uses identical pairs of memory, uses 2 RAM sticks to move 128 bits at once
Term
DDR 2
Definition
Addresses limitations of DDR memory, increase speeds 20-50% (240 pins)
Term
RDRAM
Definition
(Rambus Dynamic RAM) - Requires less bus width (184 pin RIMM)
Term
ROM
Definition
Read Only Memory - Non volatile, Expensive
Term
PROM
Definition
A place where teenagers come to dance drunk all night...jk (i know, i need new material)

(Programmable ROM) - Difficult to change, slower than RAM (EPROM = Erasable PROM)
Term
EEPROM
Definition
(Electronically Erasable PROM) - used in modern BIOS chips, Flash memory
Term
Old technologies for storage devices
Definition
Punch cards, punch tape, magnetic tape
Term
Two types of storage
Definition
Magnetic Storage (Cassettes, Floppy) & Optical Drives (CD)
Term
The _____ the physical drive and the _____ the capacity, the more the cost.
Definition
Smaller (drive), Larger (capacity)
Term
Magnetic Storage process
Definition
1st - Non magnetic platter (floppy = mylar, hard disk = metal, ceramic, glass)

2nd - coated with a thin layer of magnetic domains
Term
Two characteristics of magnetic surface
Definition
Coercivity and retentivity
Term
Tracks
Definition
Where you store the info (usually double sided)[image]
Term
Sectors
Definition
one sector = 512 bytes of space, smallest unit of storage space on a disk, grouped into clusters[image]
Term
Cluster
Definition
The smallest unit of diskspace that the OS can allocate to a file, 2 or more sectors
Term
Low level format
Definition
Performed at the factory, creates tracks and sectors, maps bad spots on platters
Term
High Level Format
Definition
Now done during the OS install, creates boot record, file system, and the root directory
Term
File System
Definition
Road map to the disk (Names: FAT(Windows), NTFS(Windows NT), HFS(Linux & Mac)
Term
FAT 32
Definition
2 TB Maximum partition, Windows 3x, 9x, and ME
Term
NTFS
Definition
Windows 4.0, 2000, XP
16 exabytes, increased file security
Term
Partitioning
Definition
Divides the physical hard disk into logical sections. The Order = Partition, Format, Load OS (reinstall)
Term
IDE Drives (PATA)
Definition
Typically 7200 rpm, ATA
versions: ATA 100, ATA 133 (Mb)
Term
Acronyms for ATA transfer rates
Definition
ATA, UDMA, DMA, IDE, EIDE, PATA
Term
SATA
Definition
(Serial ATA) - 7,200 & 10,000 rpm drives, 150 or 300Mbs, cables can extend up to one meter
Term
SCSI
Definition
High Speed Parallel data transfers, 10,000 to 15,000 rpm drives, high cost, more effort to configure
Term
RAID
Definition
Allows for several drives to act as one hard drive
Term
RAID 0
Definition
The fastest and most efficient array, no fault tolerance
Term
RAID 1
Definition
Complete redundancy, fault tolerant
Term
RAID 2
Definition
Uses error correction code
Term
RAID 3-5
Definition
Combinations of Raid 2,1, and 0
Term
CD Drives
Definition
-Factory CD's use lands and pits to read bonary information as 0's and 1's based on how the laser light reflects

-Computer CDR Drives use dye to replicate actual grooved surfaces
Term
DVD ROM
Definition
Digital Versatile/Video Disc Read Only Memory

4.7GB of storage per layer
Term
External Interfaces
Definition
USB, IEEE 1394, from 60MB to 100MBs, usually not able to boot from these devices to install an OS
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