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| The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. |
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| the processing of information into sensory memory - for example extracting info |
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| the retention of encoded info over time |
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| the process of getting info out of the memory storage |
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| the immediate, very brief recording of sensory info in the memory system |
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| activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before information is stored or forgotten. |
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| the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system includes knowledge skills and experiences. |
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| a newer understanding of short term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual- spatial info, and of info retrieved from long term memory |
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| the processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously, the brain's natural; mode of information processing for many functions contrast with the step by step processing of most computers and of conscious problem solving. |
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| unconscious encoding of incidental information such as space, time, frequency , and well learned info |
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| encoding that requires attention and conscious effort |
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| the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage. |
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| the tendency of distributed study or practice to yield better long- term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice. |
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| our tendency to recall best the last and the first items in a list |
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| the encoding of picture images |
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| the encoding of sound, especially the sounds of words |
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| the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of the word. |
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| mental picture, a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding |
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| memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. |
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| a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photograph or picture - imagery memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a seconds. |
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| a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli ; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds. |
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| a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event |
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retention independent of conscious recollection
non declarative or procedural memory |
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retention independent of conscious recollection
non declarative or procedural memory |
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memory of facts and experience that one can consciously know and "declare"
declarative memory |
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Definition
| a neural center that is located in limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage. |
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| a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple chooses test, |
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| a measure of memory that assess the amount of time saves when learning material for a second time. |
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| the activation, often unconsciously, of particular association in memory. |
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| the tendency to recall experiences that are constant with one's current goof or bad mood. |
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| the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall new information |
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| the disruptive effect of new learning on the real of old information. |
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| in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety- arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories. |
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| incorporating misleading information info one's memory of an event. |
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| attributing to wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. Source amnesia, along with the misinformation effect, is at the heart of false memories. |
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| the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating |
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| a mental grouping of objects, events, ideas, or people. |
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| a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting times into categories(as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird such as robin.) |
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| a methodological, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem =. Contrasts with usually speedier - but also more error prone - use of heuristics. |
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| a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently: usually speedier but also more error - prone than algorithms |
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| a sudden and often give realization if the solution to a problem ; it contrasts with strategy - based solution |
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| the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas. |
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| the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas. |
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| a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence |
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| the inability to see a problem from a new prospective, by employing a different mental set. |
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| a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past. |
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| the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. |
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| the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving. |
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| representative heuristics |
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| judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information. |
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| estimating the likelihood of event based in their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind, we presume such events are common. |
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| the tendency to be more confident than corret - to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgement. |
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| clingling to one's initial conception after the basis o which they formed has discredited. |
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| an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning. |
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| the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements. |
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| our spoken,written to signed words and the way we combine them to communicate meaning. |
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| in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. |
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| in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part go a word. |
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| in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. |
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| the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentence in a given language, also the study of the meaning. |
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| the rules of combing words into grammatically sensible sentence in a given language. |
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| at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language. |
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| the stage in speech development from about age 1 to 2 during which a child speaks mostly in single words. |
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| at age of 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two word statements. |
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| early speech stage in which child speaks like a telegram - go car- using mostly noun and verbs. |
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| whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think |
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