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- Rhetorics relationship to power
- Rhetorics potentail for manipulation
- rhetorics relationship to truth
- rhetorics relationship to ethics
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| Platos problems with Sophists |
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1.) they have an inadequate view of justice 2.) eloquence is regarded as greater than truth |
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| Socrates is anti ____ and_______ |
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| Anti Sophist and Rhetoric |
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| Sophists do not understand it, but pretend to-- one who understands justice could never choose to do injustice |
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Socrates On rhetoric Rhetoric is ____ & _____ it has the power to _____ & ____ Lastly, it is a ______ |
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Rhetoric is foul and ugly it attracts practitioners by its power to manipulate and coerce Lastly, it is a knack-- soemthing that pleases but does not further anything |
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Aristotle rhetoric as a _____ _____ & ____ approach |
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rhetoric as a discipline Pragmatic and scientific approach |
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| Who was first to give an explanation of persuassion? what did he say? |
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ARISTOTLE
First to give an explanation on persuasiona. A. The rhetorician must understand the nature of persuasionb. Must understand his/her culturec. Must understand the extenet to which he/she enjoys the favor of his audienced. The general need that persuasion can satisfye. The hopes, dreams, fears, that motivate particular audiencesf. The pros and cons of their own msg as well as the range of possible strategies for advancing it.g. His or her own strengths and weaknesses as a communicatorh. Persuasion starts with the mind and humanity |
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| SOPHIST= EVERY SPEECH SHOULD HAVE 4 PARTS |
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| STYLE; CHOSE WORDS WISELY AND SOUND OF VOICE MATTERS |
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| THE WAY YOU SOUND IS IMPORTANT-- DELIVERY |
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ART, DEEATE, COUNTER ARGUMENT, FIRST SOPHIST?? |
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UNIVERSITY STYLE TEACHING (3-4 YEARS) COURSE MATERIAL; LEARN TO TALK |
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RHETORIC= THE ART OF THE GOOD CITIZEN SPEAKING WELL USE POWER OF RHETORIC FOR TEH BENEFIT OF SOCIETY |
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5 CANONS OR RHETORIC 1.) INVENTION 2.)ARGUMENT 3.) EXPRESSION 4.) MEMORY 5.) DELIVERY |
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| WHICH ROMAN RHETOR WAS THE MOST PROLIFIC WRITER? |
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WHO WAS THE GREATEST PUBLIC SPEAKER IN ROME AND LEADING RHETORICAL THEORIST? |
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CICERO SAYS WISDOM IS... (4 THINGS) |
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EXPERIENCE EXPERT KNOWLEDGE PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY CIVIC DUTY TO PUBLIC |
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GORGIAS THRASMYCHUS ISOCRATES PROTAGOROUS CORAV |
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FIRST SIGNIFICANT MAN OF THE MIDDLES AGES |
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CHRISTIAN MINISTER SHOULD USE RHETORIC TO... THREE THINGS-- WHO SAID THIS? |
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1.) TO DISCOVER 2.) TO DEFEND 3.) TO TEACH |
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| "DECISIONS IN PUBLIC LIFE ARE NOT ALWAYS BASED ON CERTAINTIES... CAREFUL WEIGHING OF OPTIONS GUIDED BY PRUDENCE, OR PRACTICAL JUDGEMENT." |
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NAME ALL ENLIGHTMENT MAIN THINKERS |
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VOLTAIRE ROUSSEU ISAAC NEWTON JOHN LOCKE DAVID HUMES |
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"ESSAY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING" |
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ENQUIRY CONCERNING HUMAN UNDERSTANDING |
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DICTIONAIRRE PHILOSOPHIQUE |
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LEADING VOICE OF THE ELOCUTIONARY MOVEMENT SAID, "ORATORS, EXPRESS URGENCY AND TRUTHFULNESS OF YOUR AGRUMENT" -- HOW DO YOU DO THIS? |
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THOMAS SHERIDAN 1.) PRESENTATION OF VOICE 2.) FACIAL EXPRESSION/GESTURES 3.) MOVMENT OF BODY 4.) SPEAKING FROM HEART 5.) BELIEVE MSG YOURSELF |
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STRESSED IMPORTANCE OF RHETORIC ON PRIVATE LIFE.. NOT JUST PUBLIC ELOCUTIONARY MOVMENT RHETORIC BRINGS: STYLE, CLASS, DIGNITY TO COMMON FOLK |
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2 MEN OF ELOCUTIONARY MOVEMENT |
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THOMAS SHERIDAN HUGH BLAIR |
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CHRISTIANS SHOULD USE RHETORIC WITH ITS PAGAN ORIGINS TO SPREAD TRUTH. EVERYTHING WHEN PROPERLY UNDERSTOOD CAN POINT BACK TO GOD |
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HOW DID THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH USE RHETORIC DURING THE DARK AGES |
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NEEDED TO REGAIN PROMINENCE 1.) NEEDED TO GUIDE PEOPLE IN TEACHING THE FAITH 2.) FOR ASSITANCE IN DEBATING OPPONENTS 3.) FOR PERSUADING NON-BELIEVERS |
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3 RHETORS THAT INFLUENCED CHRISTIANITY |
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AUGUSTINE GEORGE CAMPBELL RICHARD WHATELY |
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CHRIST TAS WAS TO PERSUADE MULTITUDES FOR THE LOVE OF GOD, TO BE WISE AND JUST AND GOOD. "SCIENTIFIC RHETORIC" WHO SAID THIS? |
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RHETORIC COULD BE USED TO ____ AND ______ THE TRUTH OF THE CHRISTIAN FAITH WHO SAID THIS? |
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RICHARD WHATELY DEFEND & PROMOTE |
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INTRODUCES BURDEN OF PROOF AND CONCEPTS OF PERCEPTION FOR POLITICS AND RELGION |
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1.) GORGIAS-- negative use of rhetoric 2.) PHAEDRUS-- potential good of rhetoric |
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ON RHETORIC-- defines and defends usefulness of rhetoric; categorizes speeches; addresses technical proofs= logos, pathos, ethos |
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DE INVENTIONE--canons DE ORATORE-- union ofwisdom and eloquence; centrality of the audience |
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A CAUSE OF LECTURES ON ELOCUTION |
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THE PHILOSOPHY OF RHETORIC |
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| HOW DOES RHETORIC CONNECT WITH DEMOCRACY |
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| Athens undergoing new form of government when the aristocracy was replaced by an early form of democracy. Rhetoric is used to make decisions and defend one self and polis came to be managed by oratory and debate. Argument is source of all affairs and listening, speaking, reasoning are most important. |
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| HOW DOES RHETORIC CONNECT WITH LOGIC |
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| · Cicero says wisdom is… (hint: not a lot of memorized facts)§ Experience§ Expert knowledge§ Personal responsibility§ Civic duty to publico A wise individual would use a rhetoric as a civilizing force to make human social life possible |
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| HOW DOES RHETORIC CONNECT WITH PERSUASSION |
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| · Sophists taught citizens of Greece how to construct persuasive discourse that included analyzing facts, thinking on one’s own two feet, speaking eloquently, and the ability to pose counterarguments· Aristotle on persuasiono The rhetorician must understand the nature of persuasiono Must understand his/her cultureo Must understand the extenet to which he/she enjoys the favor of his audienceo The general need that persuasion can satisfyo The hopes, dreams, fears, that motivate particular audienceso The pros and cons of their own msg as well as the range of possible strategies for advancing it.o His or her own strengths and weaknesses as a communicatoro Persuasion starts with the mind and humanity |
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| OW DOES RHETORIC CONNECT WITH CIVIC DUTY |
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| · Quintillian: Rhetoric= the art of the good citizen speaking well and the role of rhetorician was to employ his/her power solely for the benefit of society |
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| HOW DOES RHETORIC CONNECT WITH HELATH OF SOCIETY |
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| · William Willberforce: slavery, speech/organizing for social justice· Hugh Blair-- Rhetoric brings style, class, dignity, to common man/woman |
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| HOW DOES RHETORIC CONNECT WITH TASTE/STYLE |
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- Gorgias= style; chose words wisely and sound of voice matters
- Thrasmychus
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HOW DOES RHETORIC CONENCT WITH PSYCHOLOGY |
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George Campbell: -
- Emphasizes a “scientific rhetoric” which combines the studies of theology, ethics and psychology
- Purpose was to understand how the mind works and to provide instruction on eloquence based upon that understanding
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