Term
social judgement involvement
(social judgement : Sherif) |
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Definition
| perception and evaluation of an idea by comparing it with current attitudes |
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Term
reference group
(social judgement : Sherif) |
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Definition
| groups that members use to define their identity |
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Term
latitude of acceptance
(social judgement : Sherif) |
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Definition
| the range of ideas that a person sees as reasonable for consideration |
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Term
latitude of rejection
(social judgement : Sherif) |
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Definition
| the range of ideas that a person sees as unreasonable or objectionable |
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Term
latitude of non-commitment
(social judgement : Sherif) |
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Definition
| the range of ideas that a person sees as neither acceptable or objectionable |
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Term
ego-involvement
(social judgement : Sherif) |
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Definition
| the importance or centrality of an issue to a persons life, often demonstrated by membership in a group with a known stand |
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Term
contrast errors
(social judgement : Sherif) |
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Definition
| a perceptual error where by people judge messages that fall within their latitudes of rejection |
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Term
assimilation error
(social judgement : Sherif) |
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Definition
| fall within latitudes of acceptance |
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Term
discrepancy / attitude change
(social judgement : Sherif) |
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Definition
| boomerang effect : attitude change in the opposite direction of what the message advocated |
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Term
impact of credibility
(social judgement : Sherif) |
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Definition
| a highly credible person can push a hearers latitude of acceptance |
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Term
ambiguity
(social judgement : Sherif) |
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Definition
| can serve better than clarity |
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Term
dogmatism
(social judgement : Sherif) |
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Definition
| some people are dogmatic on every topic, can't change their mind |
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Term
central route
(elaboration likelihood method : Petty) |
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Definition
| message elaboration, cognitive processing involves scrutiny of message content |
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Term
peripheral route
(elaboration likelihood method : Petty) |
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Definition
| mental shortcut, process accepts or rejects messages based on irrelevant cues as opposed to actively thinking about it. |
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Term
steps to central processing
(elaboration likelihood method : Petty) |
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Definition
-persuasive communication
-motivated to process
-able to process (distraction)
-type of cognitive processing : strong positive or negative attitude change |
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Term
biased elaboration
(elaboration likelihood method : Petty) |
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Definition
| top down thinking in which predetermined conclusions color the supporting data |
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Term
objective elaboration
(elaboration likelihood method : Petty) |
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Definition
| bottom up thinking in which facts are scrutinized without bias |
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Term
practical advice for the persuader
(elaboration likelihood method : Petty) |
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Definition
| if listeners are motivated and able to elaborate message, rely on facts |
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Term
3 assumptions of cognitive consistency
(cognitive dissonance : Festinger) |
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Definition
-people desire related attributes to be consistent
-inconsistent attitudes create a drive to regain consistency
-people will change attitudes or perceptions to regain consistency |
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Term
inconsistent attitudes
(cognitive dissonance : Festinger) |
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Definition
| klone likes peta, peta likes klone, you like klone but not peta |
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Term
ways to change while encountering inconsistency
(cognitive dissonance : Festinger) |
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Definition
-change attitude towards topic
-change attitude towards other person
-change perception of other person's attitude towards topic.
-disassociate
-minimizing importance
-ignore |
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Term
cognitive dissonance
(cognitive dissonance : Festinger) |
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Definition
| the distressing mental state caused by inconsistency between a person's 2 beliefs or a belief and an action |
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Term
selective exposure
(cognitive dissonance : Festinger) |
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Definition
| the tendency people have to avoid information that would create cognitive dissonance because its incompatible with their current believes - conservatives only watch the republican convention |
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Term
post dissonance
(cognitive dissonance : Festinger) |
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Definition
| strong doubts experienced after making an important, close call decision that is difficult to reverse |
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Term
minimal justification hypothesis
(cognitive dissonance : Festinger) |
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Definition
| a claim that the best way to stimulate an attitude change in others is to offer just enough incentive to elicit counter altitudinal advocacy |
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Term
counteraltitudnal advocacy
(cognitive dissonance : Festinger) |
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Definition
| publicly urging others to do something that is opposed to what the advocate actually believes |
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Term
persuasion through dissonance
(cognitive dissonance : Festinger) |
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Definition
| offer just enough encouragement |
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Term
rhetoric
(art of rhetoric : Aristotle) |
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Definition
| discovering all possible means of persuasion |
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Term
three types of speech situations
(art of rhetoric : Aristotle) |
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Definition
-forensic speaking (court room)
-political speaking
-ceremonial speaking |
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Term
ethos
(art of rhetoric : Aristotle) |
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Definition
| ethical proof which comes from the speakers intelligence, character, and goodwill toward the audience as these personal characteristics are revealed |
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Term
qualities of credibility
(art of rhetoric : Aristotle) |
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Definition
-perceived intelligence
-virtuous character
-goodwill |
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Term
logos
(art of rhetoric : Aristotle) |
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Definition
| logical proof, which comes from the line of argument in a speech |
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Term
enthymene
(art of rhetoric : Aristotle) |
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Definition
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Term
syllogism
(art of rhetoric : Aristotle) |
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Definition
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Term
pathos
(art of rhetoric : Aristotle) |
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Definition
| emotional proof, comes from the feelings of speech |
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Term
five canons of rhetoric
(art of rhetoric : Aristotle) |
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Definition
-invention
-arrangement
-style
-memory
-delivery |
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Term
identification
(dramatism : Burke) |
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Definition
| the recognized common ground between speaker and audience |
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Term
dramatic pentad
(dramatism : Burke) |
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Definition
| a tool to analyze how a speaker attempts to get an audience to accept his/her view by using 5 elements of human drama |
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Term
five elements of dramatic pentad
(dramatism : Burke) |
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Definition
-act
-scene
-agent
-agency
-purpose |
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Term
god term
(dramatism : Burke) |
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Definition
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Term
devil term
(dramatism : Burke) |
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Definition
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Term
hierarchy
(dramatism : Burke) |
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Definition
| in which characteristics are valued and ordered |
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Term
mysticism
(dramatism : Burke) |
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Definition
| degree of division leads to wonderment and misunderstanding, the greater the division the less we understand |
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Term
"man" characteristics
(dramatism : Burke) |
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Definition
-inventor of the negative
-separated from natural condition
-rotten with perfection |
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Term
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Definition
| disgust and noxious feelings intrinsic to the human condition. we are guilty we aren't on top but are above others in the hierarchy |
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Term
redemption through victimage
(dramatism : Burke) |
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Definition
| blame self of blame others |
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Term
five assumptions of rational world
(narrative paradigm : Fisher) |
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Definition
-people are essentially rational
-make decisions on a basis of arguments
-types of speaking situations, determine the course of arguments
-rationality is determined by how much we know and how much we'll argue
-world is a set of logical puzzles that we can solve through rational analysis |
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Term
five assumptions of narrative paradigm
(narrative paradigm : Fisher) |
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Definition
-people are storytellers
-make decisions based on good reasons
-history, biography, culture, and character determine what we consider good reason
-narrative rationality is determined by the coherence and fidelity of stories |
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Term
narrative rationality
(narrative paradigm : Fisher) |
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Definition
| way to evaluate the worth of stories based on the twin standards of narrative coherence and narrative fidelity |
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Term
narrative coherence
(narrative paradigm : Fisher) |
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Definition
| internal consistency with characters acting in a reliable fashion, the story hangs together |
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Term
narrative coherence
(narrative paradigm : Fisher) |
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Definition
| internal consistency with characters acting in a reliable fashion, the story hangs together |
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Term
narrative fidelity
(narrative paradigm : Fisher) |
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Definition
| congruence between values embedded in a message and what listeners regard as truthful and humane |
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Term
five values of logic of good reason
(narrative paradigm : Fisher) |
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Definition
-we are concerned with the values
-relevant to decisions made
-there are consequences to adhering to values
-values overlap with world wide views of the audience
-values conform with what the audience believes is ideal for conduct |
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Term
media ecology
(media ecology : McLuhan) |
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Definition
| the medium is the message, can't have one without the other |
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Term
tribal age
(media ecology : McLuhan) |
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Definition
| hearing is more valuable than seeing |
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Term
age of literacy
(media ecology : McLuhan) |
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Definition
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Term
print age
(media ecology : McLuhan) |
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Definition
| literacy became reality, mass production |
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Term
electronic age
(media ecology : McLuhan) |
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Definition
| technology retribalizes society by returning to oral tradition |
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Term
sign
(semiotics : Barthes) |
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Definition
| combination of signifier and signified (drawing a fish) |
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Term
signifier
(semiotics : Barthes) |
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Definition
| physical form of the sign as we perceive it through senses |
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Term
signified
(semiotics : Barthes) |
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Definition
| the meaning we associate with the sign, the meaning of a fish |
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Term
denotative sign system
(semiotics : Barthes) |
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Definition
| a descriptive sign without ideological content |
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Term
connotative sign system
(semiotics : Barthes) |
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Definition
| a mythic sign system that has lost its historical reference, form without substance |
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Term
process though which denotative signs become mythic signs
(semiotics : Barthes) |
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Definition
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Term
semiotic signs systems
(semiotics : Barthes) |
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Definition
| sign = signifier and signified combined |
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Term
mythic signs
(semiotics : Barthes) |
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Definition
| reinforce the dominant values of their culture. ideological sings enlist support for status quo by transforming history into nature - pretending that current conditions are the natural order of things |
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Term
media as ideological frameworks of interpretation
(cultural studies : Hall) |
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Definition
| media shapes the ideology of the culture. ideology is frameworks through which we interpret/understand and make sense of social existence. Media maintains the dominance of the powerful and exploits poor and powerless. we go along with it because we think it's natural |
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Term
ideology
(cultural studies : Hall) |
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Definition
| now we interpret and make sense of social existence |
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Term
Making meaning – Hall's extension of I.A. Richards "meanings are in people"
(cultural studies : Hall) |
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Definition
| people get meaning through media and communication |
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Term
hegemony
(cultural studies : Hall) |
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Definition
| subtle sway of societies haves or have nots media tends to prop up the status quo by privileging the already accepted interpretation of reality |
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Term
ways public cope with media messages
(cultural studies : Hall) |
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Definition
-operating inside the dominant code
-applying a negotiable code
-substituting an oppositional code |
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Term
how the mass media creates supports for hegemonic ideological positions
(cultural studies : Hall) |
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Definition
| deeper into the ways media representations of culture reproduce social inequalities |
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