Durer 

Self Portrait 

Northern Ren 

Hieronymus Bosch

Monster Brains

 Nothern Ren

Peter Bruegel The Elder 

Babel

Northern Ren 

El Greco

The Adoration of the Shepherds 

Norther Ren (Spain) 

Bernini 

Apollo and Daphne

Baroque 

Diego Velasquez 

Infant Phillipe

Spanish Baroque

RUBENS 

Marie di Medici Cycle- Meeting of the King

Northern Baroque

Judith Leyster

Northern B

Still Life

Gerrit van Honthorst

Samson and Delilah

Northern B. 

Jean-Honore Fragonard

The Stolen Kiss

Rococo

Antoine Watteau

The Pleasures of the Ball

Rococo 

Francois Boucher

The Toilet of Venus

Rococo

Vigee-Lebrun

The Portrait of a Young Woman

Natural Art? Naturalism?Rousseauian? 

John Singleton Copely 

George IV

American Naturalism?

Angelica Kauffman

Anna Maria Jenkins and Thomas Jenkins

 Late 18th century

(She is known for portriature and neoclassicism) 

Angelica Kauffman

Beauty Supported/Directed by Prudence

Neoclassical 

J-L David

Portrait of Madame Raymond

Neoclassical 

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Cave Paintings, Lascaux, France, Paleolithic c. 13,000 B.C.  

Lascaux, France (discovered in 1840s) again, scenes of animals- cattle, horses, and bison. Some overlap, some are bigger some are smaller. The ones on the ceiling are in more of a random placement, indicating that they weren’t all panting at once, but over time. Care is taken to show color and texture of the hides. One in this cave is a wooly rhinoceros, which also helps with dating because some of these animals that have gone extinct have time frames.

Venus of Willendorf, Paleolithic, c. 28,000-25,000 B.C.  

Statues of people in the paleolithic age are rare. This Venus (named when she was found much later after Venus) has no detail of face, but perhaps of hair, and details of little arms. Enlarged breasts, perhaps pregnant and enlarged pubic triangle. Likely referencing a fertility goddess. The 20^th cen is drastically different from the whole history of the world in terms of food production and accessibility. Having a number of children can be very conducive to survival as you band together for more labor. So the woman is important to for the ability to bring forth children.

Bison with Turned Head, Paleolithic, c. 12,000-9,000 B.C. 

Bison carved from reindeer antler. Animal shown in profile, head is turned 180 degrees back to facilitate the profile view. Great detail in natural representation. This is not intended as decoration, it is functional.

White Temple, Uruk, Sumerian, Iraq, ca. 3200-3000 BC. 

 Was built for a city that had a population of around 40,000. Mud bricks used to build the superstructure. Shows their determination to worship their deities. Stands atop a ziggurat, built on bent-axis plan, meaning the corners of the temple are oriented to the cardinal points of the compass.

Jean-Honore Fragonard The Swing 1766 Rococo

Use of pastels, idyllic nature, escapist, ideals of pastoralism. Ties with Rousseau-ian ideas. Removal of the shoe signifies infidelity. Old man may or may not be her husband, but it is a comment on the frivolous and philandering lifestyle of the French aristocracy

Antoine Watteau L'indifferent ca. 1716 Rococo

Francois Boucher, Cupid a Captive 1754

Boucher is a student of Fragonard, but develops a different style. Most of his iconic works deal with more mythological subjects

Joseph Wright of Derby, A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery, ca. 1763-1765

The illumination of the scene is the light of Enlightenment, illumination coming from science, truth, and knowledge, as opposed to religion and God. He is honoring the technical developments of the Industrial Revolution. "Technological advance fueld a new enthusiasm for mechanical explanations about the wonders of the universe."

Elisabeth Louise Vigee-Lebrun, Self-Portrait, 1790

Vigee-Lebrun attains great fame in her time. She is (one of?) the first French female artist to attain such high levels of fame. She is Marie Antoinette's favorite painter. She priviliges naturalism, but in painting for the court she has a specific style that she has to fulfill. 

Jean-Baptiste-Simeon Chardin, Saying Grace, 1740

Heavily influenced by Rousseau. Advocates for a focus on the family, simple life, being people of virtue and valor (as opposed to the aristocracy). Wants to "praise the simple goodness of ordinary people, especially mothers and young children, who in spirit, occupation, and environment lived far from corrupt society."

William Hogarth, Breakfast Scene, from Marriage a la Mode ca 1765

Satirized the lifestyle of the newly prosperous middle class with comic zest. Hogarth waged a campaign against the English feeling of dependence on, and inferiority to artists like Holbein, Rubens, and Van Dyck. Employs a theme of vanitas (emptiness) in cycles of scenes to this end. In this cycle, a sequence of six paintings that stirize the marital immoralities of the moneyed classes in England. 

Sir Joshua Reynolds, Lord Heathfield, 1787

Does natural portraiture, but elevates the importance and character of his subjects. Specialized in grand manner. In this portrait Heathfield is viewed from a low angle, aggrandizing him

Benjamin West, Death of General Wolfe, 1771

Normally battle scenes, particularly contemporary scenes, weren't depicted so gracefully. The composition for this painters hearkens more closely to a mythological scene. Wolfe is depicted as a Christ figure in a scene of Deposition or Pieta. This also shows the Noble Savage- the Indians have helped won the war, this particular figure is pondering the scene, close to nature and taking it all in. Goes to England to paint because there is no such thing as painting schools in America this early on. He does the Rome tour, receives patronage from the king, and establishes a studio in which he trains generations of future American artists. 

John Singleton Copley, Portrait of Paul Revere, 1768-1770

Eventually trained with West. This is different from Grand Manner portraiture, but still shows greatness of Revere as a working man, doing his craft. American ideal of showing the craft and success of the American. 

John Singleton Copley, Watson and the Shark, 1782

Shows the African man at the apex of the Triangle. The scene is painted in the Savanah harbor, definitely a painting to show blacks as the same status as whites. 

Angelica Kauffmann, Cornelia Presenting Her Children as Her Treasures, or, Mother of Gracchi ca. 1785

A student of Reynolds. This painting is an exemplum vritutis (example or model of virtue) drawn from Greek and Roman history. She clothes her figures in Roman garb and posed them in statuesque attitudes within Roman interiors. The theme in this painting is the virtue of Cornelia, mother of the future political leaders Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

Alberto Giacometti Man Pointing 1947

Swiss artist

Affected by the destruction of WWII with Holocaust and bombing of Japan. Shows a pervasive sense of despair, disillusionment, and skepticism. Giacometti never claimed he pursued existentialist ideas in art, but Sartre said it was the epitome of existentialist humanity. 

His sculptures are thin, virtually featureless figures with rough, agitated surfaces. "Rather than conveying the solidity and mass of conventional bronze sculpture, these severely attenuated figures seem swallowed up by the surrounding them, impariting  a sense of isolation and fragility.

Francis Bacon painting 1946

British artist

Basing most of his images from British and American photos. an indictment of humanity and a reflection of war's butchery. Revolting image of a powerful, stocky man with gaping mout, as if he were a carnivore devouring raw meat. Bacon said "an attempt to remake the vioilince of reality itself"

Jean Dubuffet Vie Inquiete 1953

French

expresses a tortured vision of the world through manipulated materials. Presents a scene incised into thickly encrusted, parched looking surfaces. Built up an impasto, plaster, glue, sand, asphalt, and other materials

Jackson Pollock Number 1 1950

example of gestural abstraction (relying on expressiveness of energetically applied pigment).  flings, pours, drips paint, not just oil but household painting. He created art that was both spontaneous and choreographed

Willem de Kooning Woman I 1950-1952

Dutch born

partly inspired on advertising billboards partly inspired Woman i, one of a series of femail images, but de Kooning's female forms also suggest fertility figures and a satiriic inversion of the traditional image of Venus, goddes of love. Process was important to de Kooning. Continually would paint it, then scrape image off and start over. His images suggest rawness and intensity. His female forms also suggest fertility figures and a satiric inversion of the traditional image of Venus, goddess of love. 

Barnett Newman, Vir Heroicus Sublimis 1950-51

Latin, sublime heroic man, consists of a single slightly modulated color field split by narrow bands the artist called zips, which run from one edge of the painting to the other. The streak was always going through an atmosphere, I kept trying to create a world around it." By simplifying his compositions, Newman increased color's capacity to communicate and to express his feeling about the tragic condition of modern life and the human struggle to survive

Mark Rothko No. 14 1960

Deals with universal themes. Arrived at the belief that references to anything specific in the physical world conflicted with the sublime idea of the universal, supernatural "spirit of myth," which he saw as the core meaning in art. "We favor the simple expression of the complex thought." 

Ellsworth Kelly, Red Blue Green 1963

Kelly attempted to arrive at pure painting, distilled painting. With its razor=sharp edges and clearly delineated shapes, this work is completely abstract and extremely simple compositionally. The painting contains no suggestion of the illusion of depth, the color shapes apper resolutely two-dimensional

Frank Stella Mas o Menos (more or less) 1964

stella eliminated many of the variables associated with painting. His simplified images of thin, evenly spaced pinstripes on colored grounds have no central focus, no painterly or expressive elements. Illiustrates Greenberg's insistence on purity in art "what you see is what you see" notions that painters interested in producing advanced art must reduce their work to its essential elements and that the viewer 

Helen Frankenthaler The Bay 1963

Emphasized painting's basic properties. unmodulated shapes, poured diluted paint onto unprimed canvas, allowing the pigments to soak in. It is just about the colors and pigments and how they relate to each other as color, NOT about perceiving some kind of shape or image, completely non representational. 

Frank Lloyd Wright, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum

1943-1959

Mies Van der Rohe  1956-58

"less is more" "minimalist" design that is powerful, heroic presence in the urban lanscape that effectively symbolize the giant corportations that often inhabit them. Carries on the glass and steel structure