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Definition
| governing system based on hereditary sucession |
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| What accounted for such amazing persistence? |
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Definition
1. Regenerative legitimacy
2. Administrative state
3. Confucianism |
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| a particular family is given divine rights to govern, as long as it rules effectively or justly |
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Definition
high level scholar officials responsible for administering the state bureaucracy
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| systems in which jobs/positions are awarded on the basis of availability, not connections or family |
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| secular set of moral and ethical principles designed to guide the people's personal and social behavior |
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Definition
| stabilize the system, risk revolutionary legitimacy by turning into something you overthrew |
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| constantly struggling against status quo, risk chaos |
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| revolutionary idealists, ideological true believers |
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| technocratic pragmatists; administrators, not idealists |
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Definition
| effort by Mao and party to rapidly modernize China |
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Term
| How to increase food production |
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Definition
1. Massive communes
2. Creative agricultural techniques: adoption of farming methods based on ideology, not science
3. Homemade dams |
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Term
| Consequences of the Great Leap Forward |
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Definition
1. Catastrophic failure
2. Famine- 15 to 30 million dead
3. Country is in shambles, Mao forced into retirement, experts rebuild |
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Term
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Definition
| anti-establishment campaign designed by Mao and allies to ideologically purify and transform China |
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Definition
| units of young Chinese who were fanatically devoted to the Mao |
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Definition
| extreme devotion to a single leader rather than the state or law |
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| book of quotes by Mao which served as a ideological foundation of cultural revolution |
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Definition
| blamed for disaster and jailed; Mao's closest advisors, including his wife, Jiang Qing; during the Central Revolution |
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Definition
| allegedly capitalist economy in which success in business depends on ties to government officials |
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Term
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Definition
1) Economic/Ethnic unrest has replaced political protest
2) Capitalism
3) Foreign relations |
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Term
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Definition
| mass migration of Boer's out of British controlled territory in coastal areas into the interior of South Africa |
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Definition
| armed conflict in 1899-1902 between descendants of Dutch settlers and British colonial forces in South Africa |
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Definition
| in 1900, British troops were ordered to burn down every Boer town or farm they came across and destroy all food supplies |
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Definition
| used to break the resistance of Boer commanders; forced women and children inside |
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Definition
| Afrikaans word for ‘separateness’; a system of institutionalized segregation and domination based on race |
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Definition
| artificial ‘independent’ countries within South Africa of which Blacks were supposedly citizens |
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Definition
| a sort of internal passport in South Africa which restricted the movement and employment of blacks |
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Term
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Definition
| measures used to regulate the inflow of black Africans into South Africa's white urban areas during apartheid era |
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Definition
| specifically designated ghettos far from white areas within which blacks were required to live |
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Term
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Definition
| vast network of police & military personnel responsible for systematically terrorizing any opposition (real or imagined) to apartheid system. Widespread torture, assassination and, most ominously, cooptation of blacks into the spying network. |
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Term
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Definition
| an ANC rival party also opposed to apartheid |
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Term
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Definition
1)Founder and de facto leader of the African National Congress, the largest and most prominent anti-apartheid party
2)Imprisoned for 28 years on charges of terrorism
3)In 1994, elected as first post-apartheid President
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Term
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Definition
| an elected or appointed assembly chosen to write a new national constitution |
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Term
| Truth & Reconciliation Commission |
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Definition
| set up to investigate/publicize the crimes of the apartheid regime |
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Term
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Definition
| form of dealing with human rights abuses in post-conflict/post-authoritarian societies that seeks to balance desire for punishment with need for reconciliation |
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Term
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Definition
Indirectly elected by majority party in lower house
Can be removed by vote of no confidence, basically a PM
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Term
| National Assembly (lower) |
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Definition
| 400 seats, split PR electoral system, 1/2 seats from national lists, 1/2 from provincial lists |
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Term
| Council of Provinces (upper) |
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Definition
| 90 seats, 10/province; appointed by provincial legislatures; delegates must vote as single bloc (German style); weaker than lower house except on bills directly affecting provincial affairs |
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Definition
| has judicial review; acts as final interpreter of Constitution |
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Definition
| very extensive bill of rights attached to constitution, with explicit guarantees of rights to vote, equality in law, speech/association, religion, education, housing, and employment |
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Definition
| things the state cannot do to you |
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| things the state must do for you |
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Definition
| Nine provinces, each with own legislature, premiers, and provincial constitution |
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Term
| African National Congress (ANC) |
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Definition
center of anti-apartheid movement; ideologically left/socialist & increasingly populist; committed to multi-racial democracy, but in practice a nearly all-black party
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Term
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Definition
| multiracial opposition party, though still largely white support; grew out of historic ‘liberal’ opposition party during apartheid, mostly non-Afrikaner (ie, British) whites; growing quickly |
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Term
| Congress of the People (COPE) |
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Definition
| created after divisive ANC leadership fight in 2008; more conservative factions split to form new party; willing to join DA in forming government |
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Term
| Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) |
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Definition
| primarily represents Zulu nation, though now attracting some support from other conservative blacks & whites; right/center-right; shrinking in part because current ANC president (Zuma) is Zulu |
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