Term
| What are the effects of expectorant drugs? |
|
Definition
| They increase the flow of respiratory secretions to allow material to be coughed up from the lungs. |
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Term
| What effects do mucolytic drugs have? |
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Definition
| They decrease the viscosity (thickness) of respiratory secretions. |
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Term
| If a cough is productive should it be supressed? |
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Definition
| No, because it is expelling the unwanted secretions from the body. |
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Term
| Describe the effects and uses of guaifenesin. |
|
Definition
-In animals it has minimal expectorant activity.
-It can be used for mild sedation and analgesic properties.
-In equines, it is an adjunct to anesthetics.
-It can assist in intubation because it relaxes smooth muscle. |
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Term
| Describe the effects and uses of acetylcysteine. |
|
Definition
-If nebulized it will cause significant bronchoconstriction.
-It is the antidote for acetaminophen toxicity. |
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Term
|
Definition
| These drugs suppress the cough reflex either centrally (systemic) or locally (cough drops). |
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Term
| T or F Dextromethorphan is an antitussive commonly used in vet medicine. |
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Definition
| F Dextromethorphan is not effective in non-human species. |
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Term
| How does a decongestant work? |
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Definition
| It reduces swelling in the nasal cavities that causes congestion. |
|
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Term
| What type of drug are phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
| When using phenylephrine or pseudoephedrine, what will you monitor for specifically? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| T or F An antihistamine is often used in place of a decongestant in animal medicine. |
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Definition
| T Antihistamines may have decongestant effects and are a safer alternative to available decongestants. |
|
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Term
| What side effects might you see with use of antihistamines? |
|
Definition
-CNS depression.
-Anticholinergic effects. |
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|
Term
| What does the acronym SLUDDE stand for? |
|
Definition
| Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, dyspnea, and emesis. |
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Term
| What effect does a bronchodilator have? |
|
Definition
| These drugs widen the lumen of the bronchi and counteract bronchoconstriction. |
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Term
| Atropine and glycopyrrolate are in what group of drugs? What do they counteract? |
|
Definition
-Acetylcholine blocking agents (Anticholinergics)
-Bronchoconstriction |
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Term
| The beta-2 adrenergic agonist epinephrine will only be used in what circumstance? |
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Definition
|
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Term
Isoproterenol, terbutaline and albuterol are in what group of drugs?
A. Catecholemines
B. Sodium channel blockers
C. Antihistamines
D. Beta-2 Adrenergic agonists |
|
Definition
| D Beta-2 Adrenergic agonists |
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Term
| What bronchodilators are safe enough to be sent home for owners to dose their asthmatic pets? |
|
Definition
| The methyxanthines; aminophylline and theophylline. |
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Term
| Respiratory stimulants will have what effect? |
|
Definition
| Stimulates the animal to increase its respiration. |
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|
Term
| What drug stimulates neonatal respiration after a c-section? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The antidote for opioid overdose. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effect will a positive inotrope produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What effects will a negative inotrope produce? |
|
Definition
| Decreases contractility, decreases the workload of the heart. |
|
|
Term
| The two types of positive inotropes include what groups of drugs? |
|
Definition
| Cardiac glycosides and catecholemines. |
|
|
Term
| What effects will cardiac glycosides, like Digoxin and Pimobendan, have? |
|
Definition
-Increase the strength of cardiac contractions
-Decrease the heart rate
-Antiarrhythmic effects
-Decreased signs of dyspnea |
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|
Term
| Why must Digoxin blood levels always be monitored in patients receiving it? |
|
Definition
| It has a narrow theraputic window. |
|
|
Term
Epinephrine, Dopamine and Dobutamine are in that group of drugs?
A. ACE inhibitors
B. Catecholemines
C. Glucocorticoids
D. MAOIs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Catecholemines, positive inotropic drugs, will have what effects in the body? |
|
Definition
-Increase the force and rate of myocardial contraction
-Constrict peripheral blood vessels
-Increase blood glucose levels |
|
|
Term
| What side effects would you possibly note with Atenolol? |
|
Definition
| Bradycardia, lethargy, depression, arrhythmias, and dyspnea. |
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|
Term
| Sodium channel blockers, calcium channel blockers and beta blockers are all used to treat what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some of the uses for Lidocaine? |
|
Definition
| Antiarrhythmic drug of choice for PVCs and other ventricular arrhythmias; local anesthetic. |
|
|
Term
| Lidocaine will cause toxicity in what species of animal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Atenolol, a beta blocker, is used to treat what conditions? |
|
Definition
| Treats tachyarrythmias and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. |
|
|
Term
| T or F Calcium channel blockers are negative inotropic drugs. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Diltiazem will have what effects on an animal? |
|
Definition
| Slows down electrical conduction in the heart; decreases heart rate. Vasodilation; decreases blood pressure. |
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|
Term
| Diltiazem and amlodipine are what type of drug? |
|
Definition
-Cardiac drugs.
-Calcium channel blockers. |
|
|
Term
| What is the drug of choice to treat hypertension in cats? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An ACE inhibitor works by what method of action? |
|
Definition
| It prevents conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II, a vasoconstrictor. |
|
|
Term
| What does the acronym ACE stand for? |
|
Definition
| Angiotensin converting enzyme. |
|
|
Term
| How will Enalapril (ACE inhibitor) treat congestive heart failure? |
|
Definition
-Decreases water retention.
-Vasodilator.
-Mild effects on decreasign blood pressure. |
|
|
Term
| What effects will a diuretic have? Name the most commonly used diuretic in veterinary medicine. |
|
Definition
-Increases fluid excretion by the kidneys.
-Furosemide. (Lasix) |
|
|
Term
| What is the method of action for an anticoagulant? |
|
Definition
| They inhibit clot formation by inactivating one or more clotting factors. |
|
|
Term
| Iron and erythropoietin are supplemented to treat what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antihistamines, benzodiazepines, phenothiazines and azapirones will all treat what general behavioral problem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
This common benzodiazepine is a GABA agonist that will produce sedation and relieve anxiety.
A. Alprazolam
B. Clomicalm
C. Diazepam
D. Selegiline |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This phenothiazine is contraindicated in epileptic patients because it lowers the seizure threshold. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Side effects of azapirones, like buspirone, include what? |
|
Definition
-Does not cause sedation
-Boosts confidence |
|
|
Term
| MAOIs like selegiline are used to treat what condition? |
|
Definition
| Cognitive dysfunction (senility) |
|
|
Term
Amitryptaline and clomipramine are what type of behavior drug?
A. MAOIs
B. Tricyclics
C. Phenothiazines
D. SSRIs |
|
Definition
| B Tricyclics; these drugs interfere with the reuptake of neurotransmitter by the presynaptic nerve. |
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|
Term
| By what mechanism of action do selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) work? |
|
Definition
| They inhibit serotonin reuptake. |
|
|
Term
| Fluoxetine, sertraline, and paroxetine are examples of what type of antidepressant? |
|
Definition
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) |
|
|
Term
| Progestins and estrogens will suppress what type of behaviors? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The two most popular induction agents are combinations of what drugs? |
|
Definition
Ketval (Ketamine and diazepam)
Tilazol (Tiletamine and zolazepam) |
|
|
Term
| What serious side effect can acepromazine have in stallions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two alpha-2 agonist pre-meds commonly used. |
|
Definition
Dexmedetomidine/medetomidine
Xylazine |
|
|
Term
| T or F Atipamezole will reverse the effects of Xylazine. |
|
Definition
| F Atipamezole will reverse Dexmedetomidine and yohimbine will reverse xylazine. |
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|
Term
| This dissociative drug can cause apnea when it is first administered. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Patients administered this dissociative drug will wake up very slowly and have a long recovery from surgery. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sight hounds are highly sensitive to this barbiturate drug. |
|
Definition
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