Term
Asthma
Chronic bronchitis
Emphysema
Infections: influenza and pneumonia
Lung cancer
Sarcoidosis & pulmonary fibrosis |
|
Definition
| The following may prevent the body from getting enough O2 and cause breathing problems: |
|
|
Term
| asthma, COPD, lung cancer and other pulmonary disease |
|
Definition
| Most common types of lung disease include: |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Chronic (ongoing) disease of the airways (bronchial tubes)
Bronchial tubes carry air into and out of the lungs
The walls of these airways become inflamed (swollen) and oversensitive
The airways overreact to things like smoke, air pollution, mold, and many chemical sprays
Can be irritated by allergens (pollen and dust mites) or by respiratory infections (cold)
Airways overreact = narrowing
Limits the flow of air into and out of the lungs
Symptoms: wheezing, coughing, and tightness in the chest |
|
|
Term
| chronic obstructive bronchitis and emphysema |
|
Definition
| COPD consists of what two conditions? Both diseases limit airflow into and out of the lungs; making breathing difficult |
|
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Term
| FALSE! COPD usually gets worse with time |
|
Definition
| True or false: COPD usually improves with time |
|
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Term
| chronic obstructive bronchitis |
|
Definition
Chronic inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which carry air into and out of the lungs
This irritation causes the growth of cells that make mucus which leads to a lot of coughing
The irritation causes the walls of the airways to thicken and develop scars
The airways may become thickened enough to limit air flow to and from the lungs resulting in what disease/condition? |
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Term
|
Definition
the lung tissue gets weak, and the walls of the air sacs (alveoli) break down
Normally, O2 from the air goes into the blood through these air sac walls. In a person with this condition, the ruined air sac walls mean less O2 can pass into the blood.
Causes shortness of breath, coughing, and wheezing. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Disease in which abnormal (malignant) lung cells multiply and grow without control
Cells invade nearby tissues, spread to other parts of the body, or not. |
|
|
Term
Small cell lung cancer: spreads quickly
Non-small cell lung cancer: spreads more slowly |
|
Definition
| What are the two major types of lung cancer and how do they spread? |
|
|
Term
| are named for the way cells look under a microscope |
|
Definition
| There are 2 major types of lung cancer--how are they named? |
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|
Term
Pulmonary emboli
Pulmonary hypertension
Sarcoidosis and Pulmonary fibrosis
LAM (lymphangioleiomyomatosis)
Influenza (the flu) and pneumonia |
|
Definition
| What are other pulmonary diseases? (5) |
|
|
Term
High blood pressure
Coronary Heart Disease (includes heart attack and angina)
Stroke
Rheumatic fever/rheumatic heart disease |
|
Definition
| Four most common types of cardiopulmonary disease |
|
|
Term
Arrhythmias
Disease of arterioles and capillaries
Bacterial endocarditis
Cardiomyopathy
Congenital cardiovascular defects, congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, |
|
Definition
| Other forms of cardiopulmonary disease (7) |
|
|
Term
Medication: Beta blockers, ace inhibitors, anticoagulants, steroids, oxygen, and chest tube
Monitoring
Rehab→ pulmonary and cardiac
Surgical: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG), stent placements, mechanical assist devices (MCADS), heart transplants/lung transplants |
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Definition
| Medical treatments of heart and lung disease |
|
|
Term
1. endurance
2. ADL/IADL performance |
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Definition
| Primary limitations for cardiopulmonary disease include (2) |
|
|
Term
| Restore functional performance/ability to participate in occupations |
|
Definition
| What is the aim of OT intervention for cardiopulmonary disease? |
|
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Term
Energy Conservation: Adaptive Techniques
Perceived Exertion Scale: subjective ratings
Adaptive Equipment
Emotional impact
Client Education--Recognition of signs/symptoms,
Daily routines: medication management & peak flow monitoring,
Family/Caregiver education→ Balance of exertion & deconditioning |
|
Definition
| OT interventions for ADLs/IADLs with cardiopulmonary disease |
|
|
Term
Balance: ability to safely negotiate with O2 tubing
Lifting Restrictions
Sternal Precautions
Body Mechanics
Ability to manage portable O2
Bed Mobility
Positioning
Sleep
Sitting with leg elevation
Use of compression stockings |
|
Definition
| OT interventions for posture and mobility for cardiopulmonary disease |
|
|
Term
Explore leisure interests
Explore community resources
Return to Driving Referral
Explore work activities & modification needs |
|
Definition
| Other OT interventions for cardiopulmonary disease |
|
|
Term
Range of Motion
Strengthening
Vitals Monitoring (HR, BP, Peak Flows, Daily weights) |
|
Definition
| OT interventions for activity/exercise (Pulmonary Disease) |
|
|
Term
| The Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) |
|
Definition
| a way of measuring physical activity intensity level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| how hard you feel like your body is working |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| diseases that can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infectious diseases of animals that can cause disease when transmitted to humans |
|
|
Term
Bacteria
Viruses
Parasites or fungi |
|
Definition
| Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as |
|
|
Term
Tuberculosis
Measles
Meningococcal meningitis
Malaria
Plague
HIV/AIDS
Pneumonia
Rubella
Rabies
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis Avian Influenza
Influenza (Seasonal)
Ebola
Taeniasis/cysticercosis |
|
Definition
| Common infectious diseases include: |
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|
Term
Normal body structures
Inflammatory process
Immune response |
|
Definition
| What protects our body from disease? |
|
|
Term
Adaptive Immunity (acquired)--Cellular, humoral (antibodies)
Innate Immunity (natural)--Macrophages, neutrophils, eosinophils
Non-Specific Physical & Chemical Defenses
Barriers: skin, mucous membranes, stomach acid,
Expulsion: cough, sneeze, vomit, diarrhea |
|
Definition
| What are the barriers to invasion of infectious disease? |
|
|
Term
Vasodilation
Vascular permeability
Exudation
Phagocytosis |
|
Definition
| What does the inflammatory response consist of? |
|
|
Term
Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Loss of function |
|
Definition
| What are the 5 signs of the inflammatory response? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Toxin or foreign substance that causes immune system to produce antibodies (chemical, bacteria, virus, pollen, or formed within the body) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A mass of cells and or fluid that seeps out of blood vessels or organs- seen with inflammation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of exudate is allergic, burns? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of exudate is high cell and fibrin count, increase scar? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of exudate is pus, bacteria? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of exudate is a pocket of pus? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What type of exudate is damaged vessels? |
|
|
Term
| serous, fibrinous, purulent, abscess, bloody, and granulomas |
|
Definition
| What are the types of exudate? |
|
|
Term
Heredity
Age
Gender
Environment
Lifestyle |
|
Definition
| Predisposing factors to diseases |
|
|
Term
Age
Nutrition
Anemia
Circulatory
Irritation
Infection
Insulin deficit |
|
Definition
| Factors that delay healing (infectious diseases) |
|
|
Term
Monogenic (Mendelian Trait) alterations- caused by 1 gene
Chromosome aberrations /errors
Multifactorial disorders- polygenic (many genes cause) pleiotropic (single gene many factors) |
|
Definition
| Classification of Hereditary Diseases |
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Term
|
Definition
| Classified by shape: rod, spiral, dot |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| True or false: parasites can be internal and external |
|
|
Term
Trauma
Temperature
Chemical
Poison
Allergen
Disease |
|
Definition
| Inflammation and infection can be due to: |
|
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Term
|
Definition
24 hr caregiver (CG)
Ventilator dependent (can be weaned)
Max assist for pressure relief
Propel power chair independently
Max assist for setup
Max assist for: transfers, positioning, bed mobility, dressing, feeding, hygiene, grooming, bowel/bladder care
Dependent with driving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
24 hr CG
Weaned from ventilator, difficulty with productive coughing and deep breathing
Max assist pressure relief
Propel power chair independently
Max assist for setup
Max assist for: transfers, positioning, bed mobility, dressing, feeding, hygiene, grooming, bowel/bladder care
Dependent with driving
Adaptive feeding and grooming devices available with setup→ very time consuming & exhaustive, doesn’t always result in task independence |
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Term
|
Definition
May require 24hr CG
Decr respiratory endurance (no ventilator)
If strong person→ indep in pressure relief
Leaning side to side
If weak→ max assist
Independent on level surface with power chair & wrist/forearm supports
Mod to max assist for all transfers
May use sliding board or mechanical lift
Mod assist bed mobility
strong→ may assist with some dressing, hygiene, and grooming with adapted equipment
Feeding possible with use of adapted utensils and setup
May be able to drive with adaptations and hand controls, would drive directly from wheelchair |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Assistance varies mod-min with few specific activities
Decr respiratory capacity, productive cough
Potential for independence in pressure relief
Independent use of manual wheelchair on level surfaces and gradual inclines, rim adaptations
Generally requires power wheelchair for long distances or rough terrain
Varied ability to transfer
Potential for independent bed mobility and positioning with rails, power controls and trapeze
With adaptations independent for hygiene, shaving, grooming
Potential for independent bathing and bowel/bladder care with equipment
Generally independent for UE dressing
Potential for independent LE dressing with adaptive devices (time consuming)
Independent feeding, may need wrist-hand orthosis and setup
Independent driving with hand controls and adaptive devices, may drive directly from wheelchair if difficulty with transfers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
May live independently without CG
Assistance required for high/low/heavy tasks
Some decr respiratory endurance
Independent in pressure relief
Independently uses manual wheelchair
Able to transfer without sliding board
Gen independent with positioning, bed mobility, hygiene, feeding, shaving, hair care, dressing, bathing, cooking, light housekeeping, bowel/bladder care with adaptive equipment
Drive independently with hand controls/adaptations
Able to stand in parallel bars once assisted to upright position with knee-ankle-foot orthosis (KAFO) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Can live independently
Req assistance for high/low/heavy tasks
Respiratory capacity and coughing abilities significantly improved compared to previous levels
All transfers generally independent
Independent with all self-care
Finger dexterity, strength, coordination functional
Drive independently with hand controls
Able to stow manual wheelchair in car→ excessively time-consuming/energy-depleting/ adversely impacting shoulders→may need van
Able to stand with min assist, KAFO, and walker or parallel bars
Ambulation not practical→ reduced trunk control/balance and high-energy expenditure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Can live independently Assistance req for high/low/heavy tasks Respiratory status stronger than previous level Independent with pressure relief, wheelchair use, positioning, bed mobility, self-care Driving comparable to previous level (independently with hand controls, may need van) May ambulate short distances with use of walker or Lofstrand crutches and KAFO on level surfaces only→ even if able, high-energy output required and wheelchair use more predominant form of mobility |
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|
Term
|
Definition
Respiration functional
Independent with pressure relief, wheelchair use, transfers, positioning, bed mobility, self-care and homemaking (except heavy tasks)
Able to drive with hand controls
Able to ambulate with KAFO and Lofstrand crutches with less energy demands
Wheelchair use predominant form of mobility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Same as prior level with addition of improved ambulation distances: Respiration functional Independent with pressure relief, wheelchair use, transfers, positioning, bed mobility, self-care and homemaking (except heavy tasks) Able to drive with hand controls Able to ambulate with KAFO and Lofstrand crutches with less energy demands Wheelchair often required for long distances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Same as above:
Respiration functional
Independent with pressure relief, wheelchair use, transfers, positioning, bed mobility, self-care and homemaking (except heavy tasks)
With exceptions:
Driving may be independent without adaptive devices
Generally able to ambulate with ankle-foot orthosis and canes
Wheelchairs generally not needed for household ambulation but may be required for longer distances |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Potential to ambulate without devices or orthoses Wheelchair generally not required Hip extensors/abductors, knee flexors, ankle plantar flexors are weak
Bowel and bladder functions impaired but managed independently through adapted devices/techniques |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a term used to describe a large group of diseases that are characterized by a cellular malfunction. Healthy cells are programmed to “know what to do and when to do it”. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a new and abnormal growth of tissue in some part of the body, especially as a characteristic of cancer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Neoplasm often form a clumping of cells known as |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
General signs and symptoms of __________________:
Unexplained weight loss
Lingering fatigue
Coughing blood
Persistent headaches
Chronic pain
Persistent low-grade fever
Skin changes
Repeated infections |
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|
Term
C-Change in bowel or bladder habits
A-A sore that does not heal
U-Unusual bleeding or discharge (blood in urine or stool)
T-Thickening or lump in breast, testicles, or elsewhere
I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing
O-Obvious change in the size, color, shape, or thickness of a wart, mole, or mouth sore.
N-Nagging cough or hoarseness |
|
Definition
| CAUTION (general signs of cancer) stands for....... |
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|
Term
1.) Benign (non-cancerous)
2.) Malignant (cancerous) |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Tumors that:
-Are enclosed in a fibrous shell or capsule.
- Are space occupying lesions
-Are a concern if they interfere with surrounding tissues or vessels or impede the function of the body. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Tumors that:
-Are not usually contained – metastasis
-Invade and emit claw-like protrusions that disrupt the RNA and DNA of normal cells |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| in a solid structure such as bone, muscle, or organ and include carcinoma and sarcoma. |
|
|
Term
1.) Site of origin
2.) Histological (tissue) type
3.) Stage and grade |
|
Definition
| 3 ways to classify solid tumors |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Classification of solid tumors that:
-Simply names the primary, specific type (such as lung cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer, etc.) |
|
|
Term
Carcinoma
Sarcoma
Myeloma
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Mixed |
|
Definition
| 6 categories of histological (tissue) type: |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What is the most widely used cancer staging system? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Cancerous tumors that arise in epithelial tissues of skin, blood vessels, and lining of the cavities/organs |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Cancerous tumors that arise in supportive and connective tissues including bones, tendons, cartilage, muscle, and fat. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Malignant tumor that originates in plasma cells of bone marrow |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| A cancer that begins when blood forming cells of the bone marrow and other blood-forming organs create an excess of abnormal white cells |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Cancer that develops in the glands or nodes of the lymphatic system causing abnormal cellular reproduction of WBC |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Cancer that has different tissue types or components of more than one type of cancer |
|
|
Term
| the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of nearby lymphnodes (N), and the presence of metastasis (M) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Stage 0: carcinoma in situ; early in development, not all cancers have a stage 0
Stage I: localized cancer; often has a good prognosis
Stage II and III: locally advanced; criteria for II and III dependent on type of cancer
Stage IV: metastasized; cells have become undifferentiated |
|
Definition
| After the values of TNM have been assigned, the cancer is assigned an overall stage using roman numerals that range from 0 through IV. What do stages I through IV mean? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| known as blood cancers or hematological tumors. Arise from and affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system and include leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. |
|
|
Term
Lymphoma-
*Dependent on the specific lymphocyte involved, lymphoma is classified as either Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) or non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). |
|
Definition
| most common blood cancer, occurs when a subset of WBC called lymphocytes grow abnormally. |
|
|
Term
-Multiple myeloma: most common, constituting approx. 90% of all myeloma
-Plasmacytoma: only one site of myeloma cells evident
-Localized myeloma: found in one site w/ extension to surrounding tissue
-Extramedullary myeloma: involves tissue other than the bone marrow, i.e. the skin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paralysis of trunk and lower extremities |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| paralysis of all four extremities and usually the trunk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Signs and symptoms of ? (general)
Falling blood pressure and temperature, bradycardia
Respiratory difficulties |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All sensory & motor loss below level of lesion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are characterized by loss of voluntary function below the level of the injury, spastic paralysis, no muscle atrophy and hyperactive reflexes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| are characterized by a loss of voluntary function below the level of injury, flaccid paralysis, muscle atrophy and absence of reflexes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Some sensory & motor loss below level of lesion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Clinical signs include loss of motor function below the level of injury and loss of thermal, pain and tactile sensation below the level of injury. Light touch and proprioceptive awareness are generally unaffected. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Clinical signs are ipsilateral loss of motor function below the level of injury & reduction of deep touch and proprioceptive awareness
Contralateral loss of pain, temperature, and touch
Extremities with the greatest motor function have the poorest sensation. |
|
|
Term
| Central Cervical Cord Syndrome |
|
Definition
Upper extremities are more impaired than those of the lower extremities. This occurs because the fibers that innervate the upper extremities travel more centrally in the cord.
Most commonly, hyperextension of the neck, combined with a narrowing of the spinal canal, results in this type of injury
Arthritic changes can lead to spinal canal narrowing so this syndrome is more prevalent in aging populations
Improvements in hand function happen last |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
o not involve damage to the spinal cord itself but rather to the spinal nerves that extend below the end of the spinal cord.
This type of SCI is generally incomplete.
Clinical Signs include:
Loss of motor function and sensation below the level of injury.
Absence of a reflex arc, as the transmission of impulses through the spinal nerves to their synapse point is interrupted.
Motor paralysis is of the LMN type, with flaccidity and muscle atrophy seen below the level of injury.
Bowel and bladder function are also areflexic. |
|
|
Term
| Conus Medullaris Injuries |
|
Definition
| Similar signs and symptoms such as local, referred, and radicular pain, loss of sphincter control and gluteal and lower extremity sensation and weakness. Clinical signs include: Loss of motor function and sensation below the level of injury, although typically not severe. Absence of a reflex arch Motor paralysis is of the LMN type, with flaccidity and muscle atrophy seen below the level of injury. |
|
|
Term
Don't move the injured person — progression of injury may occur
Call 911
Keep the person still
Place heavy towels on both sides of the neck or hold the head and neck to prevent them from moving until emergency care arrives
Provide basic first aid, such as stopping any bleeding and making the person comfortable, without moving the head or neck |
|
Definition
| What to do if someone has a suspected SCI |
|
|
Term
Motor vehicle accidents (MVA): Leading cause of SCI
Falls: SCI after age 65 is more common
Acts of violence
Gunshot, knife wounds
Sports and recreation injuries
Impact sports
Diving in shallow water
Alcohol
Diseases: Cancer, arthritis, osteoporosis and inflammation of the spinal cord |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
results in the immune system attacking healthy cells. This can affect one or multiple areas of the body and various tissues.
More than 80 types
Exacerbations vary, remissions vary
Share similar symptoms- tough to diagnose
Focus on symptom management- no curative interventions |
|
|
Term
Anti-inflammatory medication (NSAIDS)
Pain medication
Immunosuppressive medication
PT/OT
Diet
Exercise
Stress management
Complimentary or Alternative Interventions |
|
Definition
Medical Management/Treatment (8)
Autoimmune Diseases |
|
|
Term
Home modification
ADL assessment
UE assessments
Orthosis fabrication
ADL adaptations
Joint protection
Fall prevention
Energy conservation/work simplification
Ergonomics
Leisure / Exercise |
|
Definition
OT Role (10)
Autoimmune Diseases |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Diseases caused by microbes and that spread (from person to person or animal to person in some cases). |
|
|
Term
1. Agent
2. Host
3. Environment
(Time at Center) |
|
Definition
| 3 components of The Epidemiologic Triangle |
|
|
Term
| The Epidemiologic Triangle |
|
Definition
| a model that scientists have developed for studying health problems. It can help you understand infectious diseases and how they spread. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
microbe that causes the disease (the “what”)
[corner of epidemiologic triangle] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
organism harboring the disease (the “who”)
[corner of epidemiologic triangle] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
external factors that cause or allow disease transmission (the “where”)
[corner of epidemiologic triangle] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Incubation period
time between when the host is infected and when disease symptoms occur
describe the duration of the illness or the amount of time a person can be sick before death or recovery occurs
describes the period from an infection to the threshold of an epidemic for a population
[component of epidemiologic triangle] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exists when there are more cases of a particular disease than expected in a given area, or among a specific group of people, over a particular period of time. |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| when a population has a high level of the disease all the time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The following are risk factors for...........
-Biological factors
-Cellular Mutations
-Genetics & Hormone exposure → Some are inherited
-Exposure to environmental stuff (Radiation, Air pollution→ Secondhand tobacco smoke, Benzene, Asbestos, Radon)
-Occupation and Environment Factors
-Social and Psychological Factors
-Chemicals in Food (Sodium nitrate, Clostridium botulism)
-Viral *creates an opportunistic environment → infectious diseases (Herpes/HPV)
-Medical Factors (Diethylstibestrol, Chemo)
-Lifestyle choices (Tobacco use, Excessive alcohol, Increase weight, Physical inactivity, Poor diet)
-Aging |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type of cancer that:
-Occurs in 1/8 women
-Risk increases with age
-Prevention (self-exam and mammography) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type of cancer that:
-3rd most common in men and women
-Warning signals, e.g. blood in the stool, rectal bleeding |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type of cancer that:
-Most common in males today |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type of cancer that:
-Treatable: basal or squamous
-Virulent
-ABCD rule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type of cancer that:
-Ages 17-34 at greatest risk
-Cause is unknown
-Undescended testicles present a great risk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Type of cancer that:
-Enlargement of abdomen common sign
-Prevention: annual pelvic exams |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary Muscle Groups of what spinal nerve level?
Infrahyoid Muscles
Head/Neck extension
Rectus Capitis (Anterior & Lateral)
Sternomastoid
Longus Colli
Longus Capitis
Scalene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary Muscle Groups of what spinal nerve level?
Trapezius
Upper cervical paraspinals
Diaphragm |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Primary Muscle Groups of what spinal nerve level? Rhomboids Deltoids Rotator Cuff muscles (partially) Biceps Brachialis (Partially) Brachioradialis (Partially) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary Muscle Groups of what spinal nerve level?
Rotator Cuff muscles (Complete innervation)
Serratus Anterior (partially)
Pectoralis (clavicular segment)
Total innervation of elbow flexors
Supinators
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Radialis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary Muscle Groups of what spinal nerve level?
Latissimus Dorsi
Pectoralis Major (sternal portion)
Triceps
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Extensor digitorum (partially)
Extensor Pollicis Longus and Brevis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary Muscle Groups of what spinal nerve level?
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum Profundus and Superficialis
Flexor Pollicis Longus and Brevis
Abductor Pollicis Longus
Abductor Pollicis
Opponens Pollicis
Lumbricals (Partially) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary Muscle Groups of what spinal nerve level?
Dorsal Interossei
Palmar Interossei
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Lumbricals (complete innervation)
Erector Spinae Muscles (partially)
Intercostals (partially) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Primary Muscle Groups of what spinal nerve level? Erector Spinae Muscles (partially) Intercostal muscles (partially) Abdominal muscles |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary Muscle Groups of what spinal nerve level?
Lower erector spinae muscles
Lower intercostals
Abdominal muscles
Quadratus lumborum (partially) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary Muscle Groups of what spinal nerve level?
Quadratus Lumborum (full innervation)
Iliopsoas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary Muscle Groups of what spinal nerve level?
Lumbar erector Spinae
Hip adductors
Hip rotators
Quadriceps
Hamstrings (partially)
Tibialis Anterior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary Muscle Groups of what spinal nerve level?
Hip extensors
Hip abductors
Hamstrings (complete innervation)
PLantar Flexors
Invertors of ankle
Evertors of ankle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Primary Muscle Groups of what spinal nerve level?
Bladder
Lower bowel
Genital Innervations |
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Term
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Definition
Primary Movements of what Spinal Nerve Level?
Depression of hyoid
Neck extension, flexion, rotation, and lateral flexion |
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Term
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Definition
Primary Movements of what Spinal Nerve Level?
Shoulder elevation, scapular adduction and depression, and independent breathing |
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Term
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Definition
Primary Movements of what Spinal Nerve Level?
Scapular downward rotation
Weak shoulder external rotation, flexion, and extension
Shoulder abduction and rotation
Weak approximation of humeral head to glenoid fossa
Elbow flexion |
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Term
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Definition
Primary Movements of what Spinal Nerve Level?
Full shoulder rotation, adduction, flexion, and extension
Scapular abduction
Horizontal Shoulder Adduction
Strong elbow flexion and supination
Wrist extension (weak)
Tenodesis action of hand
Very weak wrist flexion |
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Term
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Definition
Primary Movements of what Spinal Nerve Level?
Elbow Extension
Forearm Pronation
Wrist Flexion
Finger flexion (trace)
Finger extension (weak)
Thumb extension (weak) |
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Term
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Definition
Primary Movements of what Spinal Nerve Level?
Complete wrist extension, adduction, and abduction
Finger flexion (stronger)
Thumb flexion, abduction, adduction, and opposition
Weak flexion at MCP with IP extension |
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Term
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Definition
Primary Movements of what Spinal Nerve Level?
Finger abduction
Finger adduction
Thumb Abduction (strong)
MCP flexion with IP extension (strong)
Thoracic Spine extension
INcreased respiratory function with presence of intercostals |
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Term
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Definition
Primary Movements of what Spinal Nerve Level?
Stronger thoracic spine extension
Stronger respiratory function
Thoracic Flexion
Weak Trunk flexion |
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Term
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Definition
Primary Movements of what Spinal Nerve Level?
Strong thoracic spine extension
Trunk flexion, extension, rotation, and stability
Pelvic control and stability |
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Term
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Definition
Primary Movements of what Spinal Nerve Level?
Pelvic elevation
Hip flexion |
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Term
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Definition
Primary Movements of what Spinal Nerve Level?
Lumbar extension and stability
Hip adduction
Hip rotation
Knee extension
Knee flexion (weak)
Ankle dorsiflexion (weak) |
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Term
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Definition
Primary Movements of what Spinal Nerve Level?
Hip extension
Hip abduction and stability
Knee flexion
Ankle plantar flexion
Ankle inversion and stability
Ankle eversion and stability |
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Term
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Definition
Primary Movements of what Spinal Nerve Level?
Genitourinary functions
Bowel functions |
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Term
| Endometrium (Uterine) Cancer |
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Definition
Type of cancer that:
-Pap test for early detection
-Risk: early onset of intercourse
-Warning: abnormal bleeding |
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Term
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Definition
Type of cancer that:
-“Silent” disease
-Only 4% survive
-Contributors: inflammation, diabetes, high-fat diet |
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Term
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Definition
Type of cancer that:
-Cancer of blood-forming tissues
-Leads to the creation of immature white blood cells
-Symptoms: fatigue / paleness / weight loss
-Can be acute or chronic |
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Term
| remove all or as much of the tumor as possible and prevent reoccurrence or spread of the primary tumor |
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Definition
| Primary goal of treatment of cancer: |
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Term
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Definition
| used to diagnose, stage, treat, and/or palliate solid tumors and is most commonly used treatment for solid tumors. |
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Term
-Preventative- to keep cancer from occurring (ex. Mastectomy)
-Diagnostic (biopsy): removing some, or all, of a tumor for examination.
-Staging: to determine the extent of the cancer.
-Curative: the removal of cancerous tumor.
-Supportive: to help with other cancer treatments.
-Palliative: is not meant to cure or prevent. Purpose is to ease pain or disability and improve quality of life. |
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Definition
| Types of surgery used in cancer treatment |
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Term
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Definition
-Medicine that may be taken orally, topically, or by injection intra-arterial (IA), intravenous (IV), or intraperitoneal (IP).
-Works on cells that grow and divide quickly. Cancer cells are most affected because they divide more frequently than normal cells. |
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Term
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Definition
The following are side effects of.........
-Fatigue-most common
-Nausea
-Vomiting
-Constipation
-Diarrhea
-Taste changes
-Appetite changes
-Cognitive dysfunction
-Bleeding problems
-Hair loss
-Anemia
-Sun sensitivity
-Increased risk of infection
-Peripheral neuropathy can also be a side effect |
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Term
| distally; proximally and bilateral |
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Definition
| Side effects of chemotherapy may occur immediately or weeks to months later and typically begin _____________, progress______________ and _______________ . |
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Term
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Definition
Is used for cancers that are hormone dependent and grow faster in the presence of particular hormones
By blocking the production or action of the hormone, the tumor growth is slowed and survival may be extended for several months or years. |
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Term
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Definition
-Drugs or substances that target specific molecules or proteins to block the growth or spread of cancerous cells.
-Differ from chemotherapy in that they work on specific targets associated within the cancerous cell rather than on rapidly dividing cells
-This helps avoid healthy cells from dying, decreasing the side effects |
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Term
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Definition
| Procedures in which the damaged or destroyed stem cells are replaced with healthy stem cells. |
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Term
| Cancer Related Fatigue (CRF) |
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Definition
| Cancer treatments are typically so toxic that patients end up with a significantly lower level of health and function, at least for a period time that can last from weeks to indefinitely |
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Term
| Cancer Related Fatigue (CRF) |
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Definition
-is experienced by 70-100% of cancer patients while receiving chemotherapy.
-may continue to be disruptive even months and years after treatment ends.
-can hinder a patient's chance of remission or cure, because it may cause a patient not to continue with treatment. |
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Term
-Disorientation, dizziness, blurred vision
-Sudden onset of nausea and/or vomiting
-Unusual or sudden shortness of breath
-Unusual bone or joint pain (unrelated to an injury)
-Chest pain Irregular heart beat, palpitations |
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Definition
Red flags of CRF
Stop exercise if patient presents with: |
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Term
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Definition
| -A primary, chronic disease of brain reward, motivation, memory, and related circuitry. Dysfunction in these circuits leads to characteristic biological, psychological, social, and spiritual manifestations. This is reflected in an individualized pathologically pursuing reward and/or relief by substance use and other behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
-Diminished recognition of significant problems with one’s behaviors and interpersonal relationships
-Inability to consistently abstain
-Impairment in behavioral control
-Dysfunctional emotional response
-Craving (Triggers are external, craving is internal)
-Often involves cycles of relapse and remission. Without treatment or engagement in recovery activities, this is progressive and can result in disability or premature death. |
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Term
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Definition
A style of distorted thinking:
You take the negative details and magnify them, while taking out all the positive aspects of a situation. A single detail may be picked out, and the whole event becomes colored by this detail. When you pull the negative things out of context, isolated from all the good experiences around you, you make them larger and more awful than they really are. |
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Term
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Definition
A style of distorted thinking:
You expect disaster. You notice or hear about a problem and start “what if’s”. What if that happens to me? What if tragedy strikes? There are no limits to a really fertile imagination. An underlying catalyst for this style of thinking is that you do not trust in yourself and your capacity to adapt to change. |
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Term
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Definition
A style of distorted thinking:
Without their saying so, you know what people are feelings and why they act they way they do. In particular, you are ale to divine how people are feeling toward you. This style depends on a process called projection. You imagine that people feel the same way you do and react to things the same way you do. Therefore, you don’t watch or listen carefully enough to notice that they are actually different. People who use this thinking jump to conclusions that are true for them, without checking whether they are true for the other person. |
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Term
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Definition
A style of distorted thinking:
You come to a conclusion based on a single incident or piece of evidence. If something bad happens once, you expect it to happen over and over again. “Always” and “Never” are cues that this style of thinking is being utilized. This distortion can lead to a restricted life, as you avoid future failures based on the single incident or event. |
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Term
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Definition
A style of distorted thinking:
The hallmark of this distortion is an insistence on dichotomous choices. Things are black and white, good or bad. You tend to perceive everything at the extremes, with very little room for middle ground. The greatest danger in polarized thinking is its impact on how you judge yourself. For example - You have to be perfect or you’re a failure. |
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Term
A style of distorted thinking:
Personalization: |
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Definition
| This is the tendency to relate everything around you to yourself. For example, thinking that everything you do or say is some kind of reaction to you. You also compare yourselves to others, trying to determine who’s smarter, better looking, etc. The underlying assumption is that your worth is in question. You are therefore continually forced to test your value as a person by measuring yourself against others. If you come out better, you get a moment’s relief. If you come up short, you feel diminished. The basic thinking error is that you interpret each experience, each conversation, each look as a clue to your worth and value. |
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Term
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Definition
A style of distorted thinking:
There are 2 ways you can distort your sense of power and control. If you feel externally controlled, you see yourself as helpless, a victim of fate. The fallacy of internal control has you responsible for the pain and happiness of everyone around you. Feeling externally control keeps you stuck. You don’t believe you can really affect the basic shape of your life, let alone make any difference in the world. The truth of the matter is that we are constantly making decisions, and that every decision affects our lives. On the other hand, the fallacy of internal control leaves you exhausted as you attempt to fill the needs of everyone around you, and feel responsible in doing so (and guilty when you cannot). |
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Term
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Definition
A style of distorted thinking:
You feel resentful because you think you know what’s fair, but other people won’t agree with you. Fairness is so conveniently defined, so temptingly self-serving, that each person gets locked into his or her own point of view. It is tempting to make assumptions about how things would change if people were only fair or really valued you. But the other person hardly ever sees it that way, and you end up causing yourself a lot of pain and an ever-growing resentment |
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Term
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Definition
A style of distorted thinking:
You hold other people responsible for your pain, or blame yourself for every problem. This often involves making someone else responsible for choices and decisions that are actually our own responsibility. In this system, you deny your right (and responsibility) to assert your needs, say no, or go elsewhere for what you want. |
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Term
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Definition
A style of distorted thinking:
You have a list of ironclad rules about how you and other people should act. People who break the rules anger you, you feel guilty if you violate the rules. The rules are right and indisputable and, as a result, you are often in the position of judging and finding fault (in yourself and in others). Cue words indicating the presence of this distortion are should, ought, and must. |
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Term
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Definition
A style of distorted thinking:
You believe that what you feel must be true-automatically. |
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Term
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Definition
A style of distorted thinking:
You expect that other people will change to suit you if you just pressure or cajole them enough. You need to change people because your hopes for happiness seem to depend entirely on them. |
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Term
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Definition
| A style of distorted thinking: You generalize one or two qualities (in yourself or others) into a negative global judgment. ignores all contrary evidence, creating a view of the world that can be stereotyped and one-dimensional. |
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Term
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Definition
A style of distorted thinking:
You feel continually on trial to prove that your opinions and actions are correct. Being wrong is unthinkable and you you will go to any length to demonstrate your rightness. |
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Term
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Definition
A style of distorted thinking:
You expect all your sacrifice and self-denial to pay off, as if there were someone keeping score. You feel bitter when the reward doesn’t come as expected. The problem is that while you are always doing the right thing if your heart really isn’t in it, you are physically and emotionally depleting yourself. |
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Term
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Definition
10 guiding principles of recovery:
catalyst of recovery process, internalized, people can and do overcome the internal and external challenges, barriers, and obstacles that confront them |
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Term
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Definition
10 guiding principles of recovery:
self determination and self direction, define own goals, regain control |
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Term
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Definition
10 guiding principles of recovery:
recovery occurs in many pathways |
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Term
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Definition
10 guiding principles of recovery:
encompasses an individual’s whole life, ecompases mind, body, spirit, and community |
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Term
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Definition
10 guiding principles of recovery:
help and support from others |
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Term
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Definition
10 guiding principles of recovery:
supported through relationship and social networks→ people who believe in the person’s ability to recover |
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Term
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Definition
10 guiding principles of recovery:
values traditions and beliefs→ keys in determining a person’s journey/pathway to recovery |
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Term
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Definition
10 guiding principles of recovery:
trauma informed care→ trauma is a precursor to substance use |
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Term
| Strengths/Responsibility: |
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Definition
10 guiding principles of recovery:
Involves individual, family, and community strengths in responsibility→ provide resources for recovery, take personal responsibility |
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Term
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Definition
10 guiding principles of recovery:
community systems and societal acceptance and appreciation for people affected by mental health and substance use problems→ need to acknowledge steps to recovery |
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Term
-Use disorders
-Intoxication Disorders
-Withdrawal Disorders |
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Definition
| 3 types of disorders for all substance classes in DSM-V |
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Term
| Use disorders (Considered a substance use disorder) |
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Definition
Substance disorder:
irreversible brain circuit changes in severe disorders and repeated behavioral relapses and strong cravings in the presence of substance-related stimuli |
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Term
| Intoxication Disorders (Considered a substance induced disorder) |
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Definition
Substance disorder:
short-term symptoms associated with current use of a substance |
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Term
| Withdrawal Disorders (Considered a substance induced disorder) |
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Definition
Substance disorder:
the symptoms that occur immediately and for a longer period after a client who has been heavily using a substance stops ingesting |
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Term
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Definition
| All drugs that are take in excess activate the neurons in the brain’s reward system to release ________________ at higher levels than normally occurring stimuli |
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Term
1.) Impaired control = taking larger amounts than intended over time, many unsuccessful attempts to reduce use and also a persistent desire to decrease or discontinue, and one’s daily activities revolve around obtaining the substance and/or recovering from its use
2.) Social Impairment = persistent substance use associated with the inability to carry out key occupational roles, serious social and interpersonal problems, and withdrawal from leisure and other family activities.
3.) Risky Use = consuming the substances even when it is physically hazardous and despite knowing that the substance use is causing persistent physical, legal, and/or psychological difficulties.
4.) Pharmacological criteria = defined as tolerance and withdrawal. When a person experiences both tolerance and withdrawal they are described as having an addiction |
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Definition
| Diagnosing substance use disorders are organized into 4 categories: |
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Term
-Alcohol
-Caffeine
-Cannabis
-Hallucinogens
-Inhalants
-Opioids
-Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics
-Stimulants
-Tobacco
-Other substance and non-substance |
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Definition
| 10 Classes of drugs that are encompassed by the DSM-V |
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Term
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Definition
| disease of the blood vessels supplying the heart muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| disease of the blood vessels supplying the brain |
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Term
| Peripheral arterial disease |
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Definition
| disease of blood vessels supplying the arms and legs |
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Term
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Definition
| damage to the heart muscle & heart valves from rheumatic fever; caused by streptococcal bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| malformations of the heart structure existing at birth |
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Term
| Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism |
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Definition
| blood clots which can dislodge and move to the heart and lungs |
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Term
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Definition
About half of Americans have at least one of these 3 risk factors:
1) High BP
2) High LDL
3) Smoking
Other conditions that put people at a higher risk
-Diabetes
-Overweight and obesity
-Poor diet
-Physical inactivity
-Excessive Alcohol use |
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Term
| Heart failure:congestive heart failure (CHF) |
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Definition
-The heart isn't pumping blood as well as it should
-The heart keeps working; the body's need for blood and oxygen isn't being met
- Worsens if its not treated |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal rhythm of the heart
-The heart can beat too slow, too fast or irregularly
-Bradycardia: HR is less than 60 beat per minute
-Tachycardia: HR more than 100 bpm
-Affects how well the heart works
-The heart may not be able to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. |
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Term
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Definition
Caused by one or more attacks of rheumatic fever
-Rheumatic fever typically occurs as a child
- Damage to the heart valves:causes scarring due to streptococcal infection
-Weakens the heart muscles
- Damages the sac that encloses the heart |
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Term
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Definition
Can be caused at birth, rheumatic fever, infections, medications, or radiation treatments
-Valve narrow (stenosis)
-Valve leak (regurgitation or insufficiency
-Valves may not close properly (prolapse) |
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Term
High blood pressure Atherosclerosis Peripheral Artery Disease |
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Definition
| Types of Hypertensive Heart Disease |
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Term
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Definition
| over burdens the heart and blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
Bulge or weakness in the wall of the blood vessel
-Enlarge over time
-Can become life threatening if it ruptures
-Can occur in arteries or any location in the body
-Most common types:abdominal aorta and in the arteries at the base of the brain |
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Term
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Definition
Build up of fatty deposits called plaque
-Known as coronary heart disease when in the arteries of the heart
-Occurs over time and consequences may include heart attack and stroke |
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Term
| Peripheral Artery Disease AKA Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) |
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Definition
Atherosclerosis of the legs
-causes pain in the legs with movement and weight bearing
-Increase risk of developing gangrene in the legs |
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Term
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Definition
-An intermittent or sustained elevation of diastolic or systolic BP. Blood exerts increase pressure on the arteries
-Blood pressure is best measured with a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope
-Many practices use automated monitors
-Caused by increases in cardiac output, total peripheral resistance, or both. Cardiac output is increased by conditions that increase heart rate or stroke volume. |
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Term
Essential (primary or idiopathic)
Secondary |
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Definition
| Two Types of Hypertension |
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Term
| Essential (primary or idiopathic) Hypertension |
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Definition
-Most common
-Involves several interacting homeostatic mechanisms
-Begins insidiously and benign, progresses to dangerous
-Untreated can cause medical conditions (stroke) and even death |
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Term
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Definition
-Results from systemic disease that raises peripheral vascular resistance or cardiac output
-Chronic Kidney disease is most common cause |
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Term
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Definition
| Caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries and decreased blood supply to the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
-Pain in the chest from reduced blood supply (ischemia)
-Associated with pain in the chest that radiates to left arm, shoulder, jaw, shortness of breath, and sweating
- Warning signs of a heart attack |
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Term
| Heart attack AKA myocardial infarction (MI), code blue, cardiac arrest |
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Definition
-The supply of blood to the heart has stopped
-Not always fatal however typically results in damage to the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| A disorder of structure or function that produces specific signs or symptoms of that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury. Found in human, Animal, Plant |
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Term
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) |
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Definition
| promotes standard precautions that are used with all patients to prevent the spread of disease |
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Term
| Occupational Safety and Heath Administration (OSHA) |
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Definition
Regulations protect employees
-Treatment setting must comply with federal regulations
-Health care workers have responsibilities |
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Term
| Standard Precautions for infectious and communicable diseases |
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Definition
-Group of infection prevention practices that apply to all patients
-Combination and expansion of Universal Precautions and Body Substance Isolation
-All blood, body fluids, excretions except sweat, recreations, non intact skin, and mucous membranes may contain transmissible infectious agents. |
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Term
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Definition
Transmission of infection can be reduced by:
-Hand washing, use of hand sanitizers, and wearing gloves
-Wearing personal protective measures such as caps and gowns
-Proper disposal of sharp instruments
-Proper control of heat, air, and light
-Proper disposal of or storage of contaminated items
-Decontamination, sterilization, and use of disinfectants to clean contaminated equipment and surfaces before reuse |
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Term
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Definition
-Patients are placed alone in a room to reduce the possibility of transmitting disease to others
-Patients with conditions that are susceptible to infection (e.g., burns) are placed in protective isolation
-Infection control techniques to be followed are on or next to door of patient’s room |
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Term
| -Airborne -Droplet -Contact |
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Definition
Three main forms of Transmission of disease |
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Term
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Definition
Elderly and children more affected
-H1N1 Flu? Swine Flu
-Fever, cough, sore throat, nasal congestion, headache,
-Sometimes diarrhea and vomiting
-Possibly responds to antiviral |
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Term
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Definition
-Food borne
-Ground beef, lettuce, milk,juice
-Bloody diarrhea; cramps; no fever
-Kidney disease/ renal failure
-Seizures, blindness |
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Term
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Definition
Stage One
-Rash: Bulls eye
-Flu like Symptoms
Stage Two
-Central Nervous System
-Facial Palsy
-Neurologic Problems
Stage Three
-Chronic arthritis
-Continued neurologic problems
-Fatigue and lethargy |
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Term
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Definition
-Encephalitis
-80% show no symptoms
-HA; Swollen lymph glands;disorientation;tremor;coma
-No known treatment |
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Term
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Definition
| -Protozoa -Travel to liver and hang to another parasite – merozoites -Red blood cells burst from the multiplication and growth of the disease -Shaking;chills; muscle aches and pains; vomiting -Many strains resistant to treatment |
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Term
| Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) |
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Definition
-Survived 24 hours on plastic surface; 4 days on human waste: unusual for a virus
-Temperature and cough
-Treated like pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
-FOOD BORNE
-Loaded into grenades and bombs
-SX: blurred vision, slurred speech, drooping eyelids, muscle weakness, paralyzation
-Avoid honey in infants |
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Term
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Definition
-CUTANEOUS (itchy)
-INHALATION (breathing problems)
-INTESTINAL (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
-Bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| -Pneumonic through infected individuals -Bacteria -Airborne -Signs: fever, weakness, shortness of breath, chest pain, cough, pneumonia |
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Term
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Definition
-Respiratory droplets
-Last case in US was 1949
-SX: fever, skin lesions, rash |
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Term
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Definition
-Rabbit Fever or Deer fever → From animals
-SX: acute fever
-Developed as a weapon
-Spreads from lymphatic system , multiplying with the macrophages
-Fever, shortness of breath, chills, malaise, muscle aches |
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Term
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Definition
-Bleeding under the skin and from mouth, eyes and ears
-Requires isolation |
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Term
| Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureu |
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Definition
-CDC: 25-30% colonized in nose at any given time
-MRSA
-Not spread through the air |
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Term
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Definition
-1981
-Retrovirus: simple virus carry genetic material in the form of ribonucleic acid (RNA) rather than DNA
-Infects t4 Lymphocytes
-½ men, ½ women → affects men and women equally
-2/3 in sub-Saharan Africa
-Treatment for malnutrition, weakness, immobility, diarrhea, skin lesions, altered mental state |
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Term
-Recycler
-Garbage collector
-Alarm system
-Lymph nodes |
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Definition
| 4 functions of the lymph system: |
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Term
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Definition
Part of the lymph system that:
-removes excess fluid and proteins from tissues to return to the bloodstream |
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Term
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Definition
Part of the lymph system that:
-Remove waste products from tissues including cell debris, lipids, antigens, and excess macromolecules |
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Term
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Definition
Part of the lymph system that:
-Antigens transported to the lymph nodes alert the immune system. |
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Term
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Definition
Part of the lymph system that:
-Filter unwanted products
-Break down wastes
-Have T-cells, B-cells, and macrophages
-Destroy cancer cells, viruses, and bacteria
-Send out immune cells to fight infections |
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Term
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Definition
| All edema is due to disruption in.......... |
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Term
1. Manual lymphatic drainage (MLD)
2. Skin care
3. Self management
4. Compression
5. Decongestive exercise |
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Definition
| Five pillars of Decongestive Lymphatic Therapy (treatment of lymphedema) |
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