Term
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Definition
| involves determining the rate at which enzymes move through a gel when subjected to an electrical field. |
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Term
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Definition
| Involves directly determining the sequence of nucleotides in a segment of DNA |
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Term
| Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism |
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Definition
| DNA is cut using a restriction enzyme and the electropheresis is used to determine the length |
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Term
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Definition
| Identifying repeating sequences of nucleotides and comparing the lengths of those sequences |
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Term
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Definition
| the proportion of genes that are polymorphic |
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Term
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Definition
| The frequency of the most common allele is less than some arbitrary threshold usually 95-99 percent |
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Term
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Definition
| proportion of genes at which the average individual is heterozygous |
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Term
| levels of genetic diversity |
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Definition
| among higher taxa, species and subspecies populations and individuals |
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Term
| 2 uses of heterozygosity values |
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Definition
| the first use is to compare the observed heterozygosity to the expected heterozygosity the second use is to determine how much genetic diversity is within populations vs how much is between populations |
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Term
| Hardy-weinburg assumptions |
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Definition
| population is sexually reproducing non overlapping generations, no mutations, no migrations, no selection, infinite population, random mating |
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Term
| positive assortative mating |
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Definition
| individuals are more likely to make with like individuals which produces more homozygotes |
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Term
| Negative assortative mating |
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Definition
| mate with unlike individuals and produce heterozygotes |
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Term
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Definition
| H(t) = H(s) + D (st) H(t) is total heterozygosity H(s) heterozygosity within populations D(st) heterozygosity between populations |
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Term
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Definition
| sampling error in the transmission of alleles from generation to generation |
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Term
| Measuring the effect of genetic drift |
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Definition
| greater population equals less impact from genetic drift |
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Term
| examples of bottlenecking |
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Definition
| cheetahs, northern elephant seal |
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Term
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Definition
| high mortality of young, high proportion of defective sperm, inbreeding loss of rare alleles |
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Term
| Northern Elephant Seal 8==D |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| new population originates from smaller founder population, same effects as bottleneck |
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Term
| Why is inbreeding so dangerous |
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Definition
| harmful recessive alleles are more likely to become homozygous meaning theyll be expressed |
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Term
| effective population size |
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Definition
| the number of individuals contributing genes to the next generation, effective population is less than census population |
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Term
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Definition
| Hardy weinburg assumptions, effective population = ideal population with as much drift as actual population |
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Term
| Factors that affect genetic diversity |
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Definition
| variation in population size, unequal sex ratio |
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Term
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Definition
| applied studies of the behavior of alleles in population |
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