Term
| COPD is the ___ leading cause of death |
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Definition
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Term
| by how many percent is COPD expected to increase by |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the 2 things that are most affected by COPD |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| decrease in exhaled air flow caused by obstruction of airways |
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Term
| what happens to the size of the air sacs and lung tissue in COPD |
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Definition
| there is variable degrees of air sac enlargement and lung tissue destruction |
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Term
| how do the symptoms develop for COPD |
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Definition
| they develop slowly, getting progressively worse. may get so severe that its dibilating --> affecting ADLs |
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Term
| what are some symptoms of COPD |
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Definition
breathlessness
coughing
wheezing
chest tightness |
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Term
| what are the main forms of COPD |
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Definition
| emphysema and chronic bronchitis |
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Term
| what age group does COPD affect? |
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Definition
| middle aged to older adult |
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Term
what are:
tidal volume and residual volume |
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Definition
tidal volume: the amount of air in a normal breath
residual volume: the amount of air left after expiratory reserve volume |
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Term
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Definition
| disease that destroys alveoli and the surrounding tissue that supports it which reduces gas exchange |
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Term
| what are the 2 ways that lung sacs are damaged |
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Definition
inner walls are destroyed (fewer and larger sacs which decrease gas exchange due to less surface area and capillaries)
and decrease in elasticity of the walls |
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Term
| what are the classifications of locations of emphysema |
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Definition
panlobular:all air sacs are enlarged
centrilobular: sacs more proximal to bronchioles
paraseptal: sacs close to aveoli
irregular: random sacs enlarged |
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Term
| what is the difference between bronchitis and emphysema |
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Definition
bronchitis: bronchioles
amphysema: airways/aveolis |
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Term
| what are the risk factors for COPD |
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Definition
smoking: biggest one 90% of ppl w/COPD
air pollution: cars, industries, cities
occupational pollutants: chemical fumes, construction workers
genetics: alpha-- 1-2% of cases of COPD-->body doesn't make protein that protects lungs from inflammation |
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Term
what is spirometry
what is the ratio/percentage |
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Definition
how much air/how fast air is moved
FEV1/FVC--> greater the % the better
lower than 70% is considered COPD |
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Term
| what are the limiting factors on exercise for COPD |
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Definition
Ventilation: hyperinflation-->dyspnea
gas exchange: ventilation-perfusion mismatch-->hypoxemia-->low O2 in blood
cardiovascular: deconditioning of cardiovascular system impairs amount of exercise you can do
muscular: deconditioning due to inactivity-->easy to fatigue
psychological: depression, mood disorders, no desire to exercise |
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Term
| what are the managed medications for COPD |
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Definition
bronchodilators
corticosteriods
thiazide diuretics |
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Term
| what do brochodilators do and what are some side effects |
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Definition
they increase airways
can cause seizures, tremors and tachycardia (increase in HR) |
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Term
| what do beta 2 agonists do |
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Definition
| can be short/long acting-->relaxes lungs |
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Term
| what are anticholinergics |
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Definition
| blocks Ach in CNS/PNS, decreases involuntary/parasympathetic movements in smooth muscle |
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Term
| what are methylxanthines? |
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Definition
they are more potent-->relaxes airways
increases strength of diaphragm
stimulates breathing controls in brain
makes it easier for mucous to be removed from lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| anti-inflammatory, decrease constriction |
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Term
| what are thiazide diuretics |
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Definition
controls fluid retention (more for adema in knees, feet and ankles)
can cause hypotension, faint/lightheadedness |
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Term
| what are some effects of exercise on COPD (6) |
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Definition
CV reconditioning
improved ventilatory efficiency
reduced hyperinflation
desensitization to dyspnea
increased muscle strength and flexibility
improved body composition |
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Term
| what are the primary goals of exercise for COPD |
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Definition
increase exercise capacity and endurance
reduce severity of dsypnea
increase functional status
program must be life long so no relapse |
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Term
| what are the contraindications of exercise for COPD |
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Definition
oxygen saturation levels
monitor dsypnea |
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Term
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Definition
| chronic respiratory disorder characterized by reversible airflow obstruction and bronchospasm (frequency, severity, triggers, and symptoms vary from one individual to another) |
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Term
| what are the symptoms for asthma |
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Definition
| wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, shortness in breath |
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Term
| why does asthma make it hard to breath |
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Definition
| muscles of bronchial tubes tighten and thicken, and the air passages become inflamed and mucusfilled, making it difficult for air to move |
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Term
| is asthma a chronic condition |
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Definition
| no, it doesnt get progressively worse unless untreated. it can cause scarring/remodeling and is then irreversible |
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Term
| what are the stages of Asthma |
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Definition
mild intermittent (<2x a month)
mild persistent (>2x a month)
moderate persistent (>1x a week)
severe persistent (frequent) |
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Term
| what are the external/extrinsic triggers of asthma |
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Definition
irritants
allergens
temperature
medication |
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Term
| what are the intrinsic triggers of asthma |
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Definition
anxiety/stress
infections
exercise induced asthma (EIA) |
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Term
| what are the primary goals of exercise in asthma |
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Definition
improve cardiovascular fitness and muscular strength
improve exercise tolerance |
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Term
| what is the overall exercise prescription |
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Definition
longer warm-up and cool-down periods
programing similar to sedentary healthy individuals |
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Term
| what is the acute exercise response |
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Definition
EIA
controlled EIA = no effect on exercise response |
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Term
| what are the regular affects of exercise |
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Definition
| controlled EIA = normal favorable improvements in fitness |
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Term
| what are the limit factors for asthma |
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Definition
possible EIA
comorbidities: other factors that can hinder exercise
period of exacerbations: not exercising for a long period of time |
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Term
| what are the long-term control managed medications for asthma |
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Definition
corticosteriods, long-acting beta 2 agonists (prevents attacks)
anti-inflammatory
taken regularly |
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Term
| what are the quick-relief managed medications for asthma |
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Definition
short-acting beta 2 agonists
bronchodilator
not intended for regular use |
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