Term
Explain the basis of an electrical current, and the direction of the current.
26.8.1 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the basic characteristics of an electrical flow using the terms [amps,
volts, electromagnetic force (emf) and ohms].
26.8.2 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
State Ohm’s law.
26.8.3 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With the aid of diagrams, describe simple ‘two-wire’ and ‘single wire’
grounded electrical circuits.
26.8.4 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Distinguish between direct and alternating current, and explain the terms‘Hertz’ and ‘rectification’.
26.8.5 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the properties of magnetism, including polarity, attraction and
repulsion.
26.8.6 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Distinguish between temporary and permanent magnets, and the properties of
‘soft iron’ and ‘hard iron’.
26.8.7 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the terms magnetic field, magnetic flux, and permeability. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain ‘electromagnetism’ and with the aid of diagrams, show the lines of
magnetic force around a straight conductor and a coil.
26.8.9 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With the aid of diagrams, describe the principle of operation of an
electromagnetic switch (or relay) and a solenoid switch. Describe typical
examples of their use in aircraft electrical circuits.
26.8.10 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the principle of electromagnetic induction.
26.8.11 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With the aid of a diagram, describe the principle of operation of a simple
alternator (a magnet rotating inside a loop conductor).
26.8.12 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Show the features of a practical alternator, and explain how the AC output is normally rectified to provide DC.
26.8.13 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With the aid of a diagram, describe the principle of operation of a simple
generator (a loop conductor rotating inside a magnet).
26.8.14 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Show the features of a practical generator, and explain how the output is passed through a commutator to provide DC.
26.8.15 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the need for voltage regulation for both alternators and generators, and
how a generator also requires a current regulator and a reverse current relay.
26.8.16 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the principle of operation of a battery.
26.8.17 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Distinguish between primary and secondary cells, wet-cells and dry cells, leadacid
and nickel-cadmium (and similar) types.
26.8.18 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the meaning of battery capacity
26.8.19(a) Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the meaning of thermal runaway.
26.8.19(b) Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the basic features and operation of a lead-acid battery
26.8.20(a) Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the basic features and operation of a a nickel-cadmium (nicad) battery.
26.8.20(b) Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
State the advantages of NiCad batteries
26.8.21 Electricity and Magnetism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
State Pascal’s principle.
26.11.1 Hydrodynamics |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define arm
26.28.1(a) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define datum
26.28.1(b) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define moment (including the units used)
26.28.1(c) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define centre of gravity (CG)
26.28.1(d) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define CG range and limits
26.28.1(e) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define station
26.28.1(f) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define index units
26.28.1(g) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define basic empty weight (empty aircraft weight)
26.28.1(h) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define empty weight CG position
26.28.1(i) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define basic operating weight (aircraft prepared for service weight)
26.28.1(j) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define payload
26.28.1(k) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define zero fuel weight
26.28.1(l) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define ramp weight
26.28.1(m) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define gross weight
26.28.1(n) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define maximum certificated take-off weight (MCTOW)
26.28.1(o) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define maximum certificated landing weight (MCLW)
26.28.1(p) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define specific gravity and the weight of fuel.
26.28.1(q) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the principles of aeroplane balance, and the function of the tailplane in providing the final longitudinal balancing force
26.28.2(a) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the significance of lateral fuel imbalance and the limitations typically
26.28.2(b) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the effect on longitudinal stability and handling with the aeroplane
loaded with the CG
26.28.3 Describe the effect on longitudinal stability and handling with the aeroplane
loaded with the CG
forward
26.28.3(a) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the effect on longitudinal stability and handling with the aeroplane
loaded with the CG
outside the forward limit.
26.28.3(b) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the effect on longitudinal stability and handling with the aeroplane
loaded with the CG
aft CG.
26.28.3(c) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the effect on longitudinal stability and handling with the aeroplane
loaded with the CG
outside the aft limit
26.28.3(d) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given weights and arms, calculate moments and establish a CG position.
26.28.4 Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Demonstrate the use of graphs to calculate load moment.
26.28.5(a) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Demonstrate the use of graphs to establish CG position.
26.28.5(b) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Given appropriate data and using a typical weight and balance work sheet,
calculate the CG position at take-off and for landing.
26.28.6 Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Solve the following loading problem
loading or offloading weight and find new CG position
26.28.7(a) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Solve the following loading problem
loading or offloading weight to place the CG at a given station
26.28.7(b) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Solve the following loading problem
loading or offloading weight at a given station without exceeding CG limits
26.28.7(c) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Solve the following loading problem
moving weight from one station to another and finding new CG position
26.28.7(d) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Solve the following loading problem
establishing payload available given a maximum zero fuel weight.
26.28.7(e) Weight and Balance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain different types of loading which an airframe must be designed to
accept.
26.31.1 Airframe Structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the effects of the application of a load to an airframe structure (stress and strain) and differentiate between bending, tensile, compression, torsional and shear loads.
26.31.2 Airframe Structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Briefly describe the various construction styles of a fuselage.
26.31.3 Airframe Structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Briefly describe the common types of wing construction.
26.31.4 Airframe Structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Briefly describe the construction of tailplane and fin, and control surfaces.
26.31.5 Airframe Structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Briefly describe the method of operation of the primary control surfaces found in a piston-engine light twin aeroplane.
26.32.1 Control Systems |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Distinguish between the basic types of piston aircraft engine.
26.34.1 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
State the fundamental operating principle of the reciprocating (piston) engine.
26.34.2 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With the aid of diagrams, identify the main components of a four-stroke cycle
piston engine including: cylinders, pistons, cylinder heads, valves, spark plugs,
connecting rods, crankshaft, camshaft and valve operating mechanism.
26.34.3 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to a four-stroke piston engine, state the meaning of cycle.
26.34.4 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to a four-stroke piston engine, state the meaning of stroke.
26.34.4 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to a four-stroke piston engine, state the meaning of top dead centre (TDC).
26.34.4 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to a four-stroke piston engine, state the meaning of bottom dead centre (BDC).
26.34.4 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to a four-stroke piston engine, state the meaning of bore.
26.34.4 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to a four-stroke piston engine, state the meaning of clearance volume.
26.34.4 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to a four-stroke piston engine, state the meaning of swept volume.
26.34.4 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to a four-stroke piston engine, state the meaning of compression ratio.
26.34.4 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to a four-stroke piston engine, state the meaning of firing interval.
26.34.4 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to a four-stroke piston engine, state the meaning of firing order.
26.34.4 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to a four-stroke piston engine, state the meaning of manifolds.
26.34.4 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to a four-stroke piston engine, state the meaning of manifold pressure.
26.34.4 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to a four-stroke piston engine, state the meaning of crank angle.
26.34.4 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify a four-stroke cycle piston engine cylinder.
26.34.3 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identif a four-stroke cycle
piston.
26.34.3 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify a four-stroke cycle
piston engine cylinder head.
26.34.3 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify a four-stroke cycle
piston engine valve.
26.34.3 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify a four-stroke cycle
piston engine spark plug.
26.34.3 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify a four-stroke cycle
piston engine connecting rod.
26.34.3 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify a four-stroke cycle piston engine valve operating mechanism.
26.34.3 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify a four-stroke cycle
piston engine crankshaft.
26.34.3 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Identify a four-stroke cycle
piston engine camshaft.
26.34.3 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the term ignition timing.
26.34.5 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the need for spark advance.
26.34.5 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Distinguish between detonation and pre-ignition.
26.34.6 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
State the main causes of detonation and pre-ignition.
26.34.6 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
State the reasons for avoiding detonation and pre-ignition.
26.34.6 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Discuss diesel (compression ignition) knock.
26.34.7 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Discuss diesel (compression ignition) detonation.
26.34.7 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the use of a Ground Power Unit (GPU).
26.34.8 Piston Engines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the basic differences between reciprocating (piston) and gas turbine(jet) engines.
26.35.1 Turbo Prop |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define the term Engine Torque.
26.37.1 Engine Performance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define the term Engine Power.
26.37.1 Engine Performance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Relate horsepower to kilowatts.
26.37.2 Engine Performance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define rated power.
26.37.3 Engine Performance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Define rated altitude or critical altitude.
26.37.3 Engine Performance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain in broad terms thermal efficiency.
26.37.4 Engine Performance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the following in broad terms mechanical efficiency.
26.37.4 Engine Performance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the following in broad terms volumetric efficiency.
26.37.4 Engine Performance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With the aid of a diagram, explain the power available curve.
26.37.5 Engine Performance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the general conditions for the most efficient engine operation.
26.37.6 Engine Performance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the following in relation to fuel-air mixture ratios:
‘rich’ and ‘lean’.
26.38.1(a) Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the following in relation to fuel-air mixture ratios:
the ‘chemically correct’ or stoichiometric ratio.
26.38.1(b) Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With the aid of a diagram, describe a typical carburettor mixture setting curve.
26.38.2 Carburation
and show the operating area where detonation may occur. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the fuel-air ratios for achieving maximum power output and best
economy.
26.38.3 Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the need for the following in an aero-engine carburettor:
atomization and diffusion.
26.38.4(a) Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the need for the following in an aero-engine carburettor:
accelerating system.
26.38.4(b) Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the need for the following in an aero-engine carburettor:
idling system.
26.38.4(c) Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the need for the following in an aero-engine carburettor:
power enrichment (economizer) system.
26.38.4(d) Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the need for the following in an aero-engine carburettor:
mixture control and cut-off system.
26.38.4(e) Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe any disadvantages with use of a float-type carburettor in an aeroengine.
26.38.5 Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the correct use of the mixture control.
26.38.6 Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the consequences of operating with over-rich and over-lean mixture settings.
26.38.7 Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to carburettor ice, explain the process and the atmospheric
conditions for the formation of:
refrigeration (or fuel) ice.
26.38.8(a) Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to carburettor ice, explain the process and the atmospheric
conditions for the formation of:
throttle ice.
26.38.8(b) Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to carburettor ice, explain the process and the atmospheric
conditions for the formation of:
impact ice.
26.38.8(c) Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the normal symptoms of carburettor ice formation, and the correct use of the carburettor heat control.
26.38.9 Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
26.38.10 With respect to carburettor air intakes, explain the correct use of ram air.
26.38.10 Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
26.38.10 With respect to carburettor air intakes, explain the correct use of filtered air.
26.38.10 Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With respect to carburettor air intakes, explain the correct use of carburettor heat.
26.38.10 Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the reasons for a reduction in power when carburettor heat is operated.
26.38.11 Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the typical source of carburettor heat hot air.
26.38.12 Carburation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the principal differences between a fuel injection system and
carburettor systems.
26.39.1 Fuel Injection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the principal differences between continuous flow fuel injection, and direct fuel injection systems.
26.39.2 Fuel Injection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
List the advantages and disadvantages of using fuel injection systems in aeroengines.
26.39.3 Fuel Injection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the normal symptoms of intake ice formation, and the correct use of
alternate air sources.
26.39.4 Fuel Injection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the advantages of exhaust driven turbo charging and mechanically driven supercharging.
26.40.1 Supercharging |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the limitations of exhaust driven turbo charging and mechanically driven supercharging.
26.40.1 Supercharging |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the basic principle of operation of an exhaust-driven turbocharger.
26.40.2 Supercharging |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the importance of proper sealing of the exhaust manifold.
26.41.1 Exhaust System |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the possible sources and associated danger of carbon monoxide gas.
26.41.2 Exhaust System |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the reasons for fitting independent dual ignition systems to aeroengines.
26.43.1 Ignition Systems - Magnetos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
List the essential components of an ignition system.
26.43.2 Ignition Systems - Magnetos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe, in broad terms, the operation of the following:
an aircraft magneto.
26.43.3(a) Ignition Systems - Magnetos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe, in broad terms, the operation of the following:
impulse couplings.
26.43.3(b) Ignition Systems - Magnetos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe, in broad terms, the operation of the following:
the distributor.
26.43.3(c) Ignition Systems - Magnetos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe, in broad terms, the operation of the following:
ignition harness (high tension leads.
26.43.3(d) Ignition Systems - Magnetos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe, in broad terms, the operation of the following:
spark plugs.
26.43.3(e) Ignition Systems - Magnetos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the functioning and limitations of the starter motor.
26.43.4 Ignition Systems - Magnetos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Outline the correct operation of a typical starter switch.
26.43.4 Ignition Systems - Magnetos |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the operation and components of a typical solid state ignition system.
26.44.1 Ignition Systems – Solid State |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the purpose and a typical procedure for conducting solid state ignition
integrity checks.
26.44.2 Ignition Systems – Solid State |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the significance of maintaining the power supply to a solid state
ignition system and describe a typical backup system.
26.44.3 Ignition Systems – Solid State |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the main disadvantages of the fixed-pitch propeller, which the
constant-speed (variable-pitch) propeller was designed to overcome.
26.46.1 Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For a constant speed propeller, differentiate between the functions of the
propeller (pitch) control and the throttle control, when the propeller is:
in the constant-speed range.
26.46.2.(a) Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
For a constant speed propeller, differentiate between the functions of the propeller (pitch) control and the throttle control, when the propeller is:
below the constant-speed rpm range.
26.46.2.(b) Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain how the constant-speed unit (CSU) acts to change the pitch of the
blades and maintain rpm:
with changes to power
.
26.46.3 (a) Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain how the constant-speed unit (CSU) acts to change the pitch of the
blades and maintain rpm:
with changes in airspeed.
26.46.3 (b) Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With the aid of diagrams, explain the method of operation of typical pitchchanging mechanisms.
26.46.4 Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
With the aid of a diagram, explain the operation of a typical CSU governor.
26.46.5 Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Explain the power management requirements as the propeller blades are
traveling from the normal thrust to the reverse thrust angle.
26.46.6 Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the normal handling of the propeller pitch and power controls for a
two lever control system:
when the aircraft is on the ground.
26.46.7(a) Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the normal handling of the propeller pitch and power controls for a
two lever control system:
for ‘exercising’ the CSU.
26.46.7(b) Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the normal handling of the propeller pitch and power controls for a
two lever control system:
prior to take-off and landing.
26.46.7(c) Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the normal handling of the propeller pitch and power controls for a
two lever control system:
when increasing or decreasing power in the air.
26.46.7(d) Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the normal handling of the power control for a single lever control
system:
when the aircraft is on the ground.
26.46.8(a) Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the normal handling of the power control for a single lever control
system:
for ‘exercising’ the CSU.
26.46.8(b) Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the normal handling of the power control for a single lever control
system:
prior to take-off and landing.
26.46.8(c) Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Describe the normal handling of the power control for a single lever control
system:
when increasing or decreasing power in the air.
26.46.8(d) Propellers |
|
Definition
|
|
