Functions of Epithelial tissue/skin

& explain each point

Protection

Against abrasion,

Has elastic properties & covers muscles & organs

Protects from bacteria & viruses

Protects from UV radition = melinin traps UV radiation

Temp regulation

BVs in skin (vasoconstriction & vasodilation) 2 cool us down/keep heat in

Sweat glands and evaporation process

Sensory peroception

Pain & nerve endings

Biochemical synthesis

Vitamin D

Has to be transformed in sun in a form our bodies can use

Storage

Fat tissue in subcutaneous layer

Used for energy

Name 5 layers of Epidermis

from superficial to deep

Stratum corneum

Stratum lucidum

Stratum granulosum

Stratum spinosum

Stratum basale

Epidermis

describe briefly how new skin is made

Diffusion by being pushed up by replication

Pushed up from the lower layer

Pushing happens b/c no BVs (avascular)

Keratin

Melanin

Merkel cells

Langerhans cells

Protein

Water proof so blocks barrier for diffusion

Forms nails & hair

Involved in immune system

1st defense against viruses

Pigment in skin

Traps UV light

Dermis

definition

Name the two layers of the Dermis

& explain

Papillary layer (outer)

Thin layer of collagen fibers

Reticular layer(inner)

Thick layer of collagen fibers

& also contains elastic fibers

Describe the Dermis

(what it contains)

Vascular (BV's)

Hair follicles w/ erector pilli muscle attached 2 it

Sebaceous oil glands

Apocrine sweat glands

& Nerves

Hypoepidermis

important fact!!!!!

Hypoepidermis

contains

Fat

Vascular (BV's) = b/c of need of excess energy

Connective tissue = holds tissue onto muscles

Wounds

definition

types

Break in the skin

Closed or open

Laceration

Avulsion

Abrasion

Puncture

Avulsion

definition

Open wound

"partial tearing away of the skin"

same idea as "skinning someone"

Puncture

definition

2 diff kinds

Open wound

Object goes thru body & leaves

or

Object stuck in body

Laceration

definition

Open wound

Cuts

either jagged or smooth

Abrasion

definition

Open wound

Frictional force

& might hurt more than avulsion

b/c nerve endings r exposed

If body is in really significant pain = it'll shut down/pass out

Avulsion

CARE

Open wound

Call 9-1-1

Care

Wrap it up 

Try 2 stop the bleeding

Avulsion

CARE

when missing parts

definition

"amputation"

CALL 9-1-1

CARE

Example:

If someone looses their hand or thumb

Cover up whats left over

Try to stop the bleeding

Not going to be a ridiculous amount of blood b/c body has its own defense =flows back up

Put detached thumb in plastic bag & put ice on it

Abrasion care

?????

look it up??

Puncture wound

when object goes thru & exits body

CARE

Clean the wound 

Stop the bleeding

Puncture wound

when objects stuck in body

CARE

AKA Imbedded object

Dont take it out!!!

Or victim could loose lots of blood

Stabilize the object

(Keep it from moving 2 prevent internal damage)

Closed wounds

include

Contusions AKA bruises

Hematomas AKA blood tumor,blood collecting outside BV b/c of hemorrhage

Crushing injuries

Burn

definition

Danger of it..

"Break in the skin"

underneath layers r exposed & can be damaged

Can cause fluid loss = dehydration

& loss of temp control

Can lead to shock

If Burn is near nose or mouth

that could mean what?

the victim could have been exposed to smoke

&

There could be internal burns in the throat/mouth

Temperature of source

Length of exposure

Location

Extent

Age & medical condition

(under age 8 or over age 65)

(These peo can b @ higher risk 4 more burns)

Burns

4 categories

classified by source

Thermal

Chemical

Electrical

Radiation

Burns

3 categories

classified by depth

Superficial (first degree burn)

Partial thickness ( second degree burn)

Full-thickness (third degree burn)

Superficial 

First degree burn

Pain

Reddish skin

Effects top-most layer of skin (Epidermis)

Partial thickness

Second degree burn

Pain

Moist skin

Blisters

Red or white skin

Skin looks shiny

Underlying tissue damaged

Epi & some of dermis damaged

Skin is blistered

CALL 9-1-1

b/c of fluid loss

Full-thickness

Third degree burn

Dry leathering skin

Charred or white skin

No pain

Hypo-epidermis is probably damaged

Always CALL 9-1-1

Requires med attention

Potentially life threatening, disabling, & disfiguring

Includes: 2nd degree & 3rd degree burns

Superficial burns

&

CARE

Cool the area (running water until sensation is gone)

Don't put anything on burn until sensation is gone!!

Wash the area w/ soap & water

Apply an antibiotic ointment

Watch for signs of infection

Chemical burns 

general care

Chemical burns

Dry or powdered chemical

CARE

Brush w/ a gloved hand

Flush w/ large amounts of water

Remove contaminated clothes

Chemical burns

If the chemicals r in the eye

CARE

Flush affected eye

Tilt head to the left if its in the left eye= drain it

(& vise versa)

Prevent from getting into an unharmed eye

Thermal burns

definition

CARE

From heat or fire

Remove source of the burn

Check for life-threatening conditions

Cool the burn

Cover the burn

Prevent infection

Minimize shock

Comfort & reassure

Call 9-1-1

If superficial burn over a large area

NEVER POP BLISTER

Use moist cloths/towels

Electrical burns

definition

CARE

Dangers

Struck by lightneing

or

Burned by electrical household source

Make sure the scene is safe

(source of the electricity is off)

(check for other hazards)

Call 9-1-1

Check for life-threatening conditions (1st)

(two burn sites)

(check for additional injuries)

Thermal burn care (2nd)

Minimize shock

Can cause muscle injuries/damage

Radiation burns

definition

CARE

Sunburns

or

Radioactive activity/material exposure

Cool it

Stay out of sun

(protective lotion or clothing)

Use products for sunburn care =releases heat

Aloe vera (cools/heals)

Don't break the blisters!!!

Laceration

Open wound

Put something in between there (bandage)

& tape fingers together

(immobilize it, 2 prevent further tissue damage)

Critical burn

2nd degree burn

Call 9-1-1

Call 9-1-1

Wrap it up to stop the bleeding

Puncture exited body

Open wound

CARE

Clean this & antibiotic

Stop the bleeding

Avulsion

Open wound

Thumb missing??

Cover up whats left over 2 stop bleeding

Put thumb in plastic bag filled w/ ice

Superficial burn

CARE

Cool the area

(cool running water until burning sensation is gone)

Dont put anything on the burn until sensation is gone

Wash the area w/ soap & water

Apply an antibiotic ointment

Watch for signs of infection

Critical burn

3rd degree

Call 9-1-1 ASAP

Puncture stuck in body

CARE

Dont take it out

B/c could loose lots of blood

Stabilized it

Keep it from moving - 2 prevent internal damage

Thermal burn

Remove source of the burn

Check for life threatening conditions

Cool the burn (use moist cloths/towels)

Cover the burn

Prevent infection

Minimize shock

Comfort & reassure

????CALL 9-1-1?????

Never pop blister

Chemical burn 

from 

Dry or powdered chemical

CARE

Brush w/ a gloved hand

Flush w/ large amounts of water

Remove contaminated clothes

Chemical burn

in the EYE/s

CARE

Flush affected eye

Tilt head 2 the left, if in left eye= to drain chem out

(& vise versa)

Prevent form getting into an unharmed eye

Electrical burn

Make sure the scene is safe

(source of electricity is off)

(check for other hazards)

Call 9-1-1

Check for life-threatening conditions

(two-burn sites)

(check for additional injuries)

Thermal burn care

Minimize shock

Electrical burn

same as last card

Radiation burn

...........

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