Olfactory nerve

Cribriform plate

Olfaction

Cotton ball with alcohol

Optic

Optic canal

Vision

Menace response (afferent), obstacle challenge, PLR (afferent), tracking response

Oculomotor nerve

Orbital fissure

D,M,V rectus mm., ventral oblique m., levator palpebrae superioris & iris sphincter m

Tracking, lateral strabismus, droopy eyelid, PLR (efferent) incl. contralaterally

Trochlear nerve

Orbital fissure

Dorsal oblique m.

oblique deviation of pupil (not testable with round pupil)

Trigeminal nerve

Opthalmic br.: orbital fissure

Maxillary br.: round & rostral alar foramina

Mandibular br.: oval foramen

Palpebral reflex & mastication mm.

Cranial nerve V

Branch 1

Opthalmic branch of V

Orbital fissure

globe, periorbita, nasal mucosa, medial palpebra

palpebral reflex, medial canthus (afferent)

Maxillary branch

Round and Rostral alar foramina

Upper lip, nasal mucosa, lateral palpebra

palpebral reflex, lateral canthus, upper lip sensation

Mandibular branch

Oval foramen

Muscles of mastication, lower jab and auriculotemporal region

Sensation to lower lip, atrophy of masticators

Abducens

Orbital fissure

Lateral tracking, medial strabismus

Facial nerve

Stylomastoid foramen, internal acoustic meatus

facial expression, drooling, palpebral reflex

Vestibulocochlear nerve

Internal acoustic meatus

Hearing, vestibular signs: nystagmus, tilt, circling...

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Jugular foramen, tympanooccipital fissure

gag reflex, swallowing

Vagus nerve

Jugular foramen, tympanooccipital fissure

tachycardia, reduced gut sounds, gag reflex

Spinal Accessory nerve

Jugular foramen, tympanooccipital fissure

atrophy of traps, omo, sterno- & cleidocephalicus; motor to larynx (recurrent laryngeal n.)

Hypoglossal nerve

Hypoglossal canal

Tongue tone; drinking/lapping