Term
| Subculture of Exasperation |
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Definition
| Minority experience of powerlessness, alienation, frustation, and anger. Unable to vent to those in power, minorities channel their aggression in exhibitions of toughness against those they interact with on a daily basis. |
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Term
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Definition
Composed mainly of the working poor and tend to be better off financially than their street-orientated neighbors. Parents socialize kids to accept mainstream values of hard work, self-reliance, respect for authority, and self-improvement through education. Teach children to walk a straight moral line and stay away from danger. |
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Term
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Definition
Parents lack effective parenting skills and socialize kids to accept the code of the street. Lives often disorganized and complicated by problems w. drugs or alcohol or other self-destructive behaviors. Children left to fend for themselves and "come up hard" on the streets. |
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Term
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Definition
Crimes of violence Property crime Drug crimes Gang crimes etc Primarily committed by the underprivileged and powerless |
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Term
| Movement of manufacturing plants |
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Definition
Downtown area -> suburbs (caused more crime in those areas) North -> South and West (entire cities were losing money) U.S. -> Foreign countries |
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Term
Change in types of jobs From ____ to _____ jobs |
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Definition
| From primary to secondary labor market jobs |
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Term
| Primary labor market jobs |
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Definition
More skilled Better paying Secure jobs ex: Union jobs in manufacturing |
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Term
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Definition
Less skilled Poorer paying Less job security ex: janitors, maids, dishwashers, migrant farm workers, etc |
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Term
Issues with the Unemployment and Street Crime (U-SC) |
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Definition
-Official unemployment rate: excludes those who are no longer actively seeking employment. -U-SC relationship may be reciprocal or mutually reinforcing (unemployment -> crime -> unemployment) -Quality of work, not availability of work may be imp. -U-SC relationship may vary by type of crime (may be more strongly correlated w. property crime than violent crime) |
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Term
| Is Street Crime a legal crime? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A group whose members are singled out by the dominant group(s) in a society for unequal or discriminatory treatment |
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Term
Problems w. Racial/Ethnic categories (5) |
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Definition
-Do not easily lend themselves to biracial or multiracial people -Collapse together some groups that are quite different culturally (ex: "hispanic" includes Mexicans, Cubans, Puerto Ricans, and ppl from other Spanish-speaking countries) -Hispanics often "counted" as white in data from criminal justice agencies -Criminal Justice officials may wrongly classify one based on stereotypes -"Race" is NOT a biological concept; it is a social category |
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Term
| Who is more likely to use alcohol? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who has the lifetime measure with the highest use for marijuana? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Morphine used for soldiers during Civil War -Cough syrups contained morphine - marijuana used for migrane headaches, asthma, etc -cocaine used for treating fatigue and morphine addiction, wine, and coca-cola |
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Term
| Who were the "typical addicts" of drugs before illegalization? |
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Definition
| White, female, middle-class, from the South, approaching middle age. |
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Term
| What was the first drug to be regulated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drug was used mainly by the Chinese in the 1800's? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Opium smoking was believed to improve one's productivity. |
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Definition
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Term
| When did San Francisco pass ordinance against opium smoking? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Federal gov't outlawed importation by the Chinese before it was outlawed for everyone. |
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Definition
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Term
| Who was Marijuana used primarily by? |
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Definition
| Mexican immigrants in the U.S. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| In 1938 how many of all federal drug convictions involved violation of the MTA? |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F:Cocaine was not included in the Harrison Act of 1914. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: There is evidence that Cocaine was used more by African Americans in the 1900's than whites. |
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Definition
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Term
| What led to the Drug Abuse Acts of 1986 and 1988? |
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Definition
| The 1980's concern over "crack" cocaine surfaces. |
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Term
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Definition
| The social statuses and meanings assigned to women and men |
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Term
| What is meant by "hegemonic masculinity"? |
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Definition
| Dominant masculinity, usually characterized by work |
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Term
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Definition
| subordinate to man - he will provide |
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Term
| Masculinity-liberation theory |
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Definition
| Men have more options, why men are more likely to commit crime. |
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Term
| T/F: The early Jews disapproved of prostitution unless it involed a non-Jew |
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Definition
| False. They did NOT dissaprove of prostitution unless it WAS with a non-Jew |
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Term
| Was prostitution in West Africa and Southern India something that took place in a temple by the Ancient inhabitants as a form of worshipping to the gods? |
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Definition
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Term
| When did prostitution get a negative label? |
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Definition
| Influence of the early Christians |
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Term
| About how many arrests are made for prostitution a year? |
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Definition
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Term
| What state is prostitution legal? |
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Definition
| Nevada -- but not legal in all counties |
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Term
Streetwalkers (prostitution) |
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Definition
-Lowest status -Largest category -Most visible -Most likely to be poor/arrested -Most likely to be a member of a minority group -Most likely to rob and hurt customers as well as being hurt themselves |
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Term
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Definition
-Most common in south, southwest, and midwest -most look for customers in lower-class taverns -most are NOT full time prostitutes -Many come from small towns or rural areas |
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Term
| What type of prostitute is more likely to be more professional and be full time? |
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Definition
Bar Girls (B-Girls) -The ones that work out of hotel's cocktail lounges |
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Term
| House Prostitute (Brothel) |
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Definition
-At one time common in large cities -"madam" is usually a "retired" prostitute -In areas where it is legal, brothels typically operate during the daytime only. |
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Term
| What made most prostitutes in Nevada require the use of condoms? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do prostitutes in Nevada require? |
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Definition
Prostitute ID cards -fingerprinted -usually weekly medical checkup |
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Term
| How was rape thought of to be a property crime instead of a personal crime? |
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Definition
| The men/father's of that time were thought to own their wife's/family, so they were their property and had the right to do what ever they wanted with their property. So it became a property crime instead of a violent/personal crime. |
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Term
Traditional view of rape vs. feminist view |
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Definition
The women did something to bring it on herself. |
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Term
| About ____ of rapes go unreported. |
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Definition
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Term
| What age are most rape victims? |
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Definition
About 2/3rds of them are between 15-24 yrs old |
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Term
| According to the UCR, what kind of victim-offender relationship was the most common when it came to rape? |
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Definition
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Term
| In real life is it more common that an aquaintance is more likely to commit rape than a stranger? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do most rapes go unreported? |
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Definition
| Because most are done by family members or aquantances, so they don't want to report it due to the consequences or because they do know the person and don't want to get them in trouble. |
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Term
| What is the most common season/months for rape? |
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Definition
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Term
About how many of the offenders for rape are also involved in other crimes and what kind are they? |
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Definition
About 1/3 to 1/2. Usually violent crimes or sexual offenses |
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Term
What does domestic violence entail? |
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Definition
-Child abuse -Spouse abuse -Parent abuse -Grandparent abuse |
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Term
| Is domestic violence rare? |
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Definition
No. Over half of the households experience domestic violence. |
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Term
T/F: Physical violence between any other individual occurs more than between family members. |
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Definition
False. Physical violence occurs between family members more often than it does between any other individuals. |
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Term
__% of spouses had attacked their husband/wives |
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Definition
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Term
| About ___ of the children had physically attacked a brother/sister. |
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Definition
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Term
| T/F: Wives are more likely to attack husbands. |
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Definition
False. Wives and husbands are equally likely to attack each other. |
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Term
| Typical family of domestic violence. |
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Definition
-Blue-collar -Low income -Young families (less than 30 yrs of age) -unemployed husband
-Large families -Urban residence -Minority families -Little formal education -No religious affiliation |
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Term
Why do wives stay with abusive husbands? (3) |
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Definition
1) Severity/frequency of violence 2) Amount of violence experienced as a child 3) Level of education/employment status |
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Term
| What percentage of married women have been raped by their husbands? |
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Definition
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Term
3 basic types of sexual assault in marriage |
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Definition
1) Nonbattering Rape (40%) 2) Battering Rape (48%) 3) Perverted Rape (6%) **Statistics based on a representative sample of married women in the Boston area** |
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Term
| Short-term effects of marital rape |
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Definition
-Anger -Grief -Despair -Sense of shame -Feeling of "dirtiness" |
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Term
| Long-term effects of marital rape |
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Definition
-Inability to trust intimate relationships -Inability to function sexually |
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Term
| Why do some wives remain in marriages after being raped? |
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Definition
-Afraid to make it on their own -See themselves as having no skills -Low self-esteem, etc. |
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