Term
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Definition
| courts that have the authority to review a decision made by a lower court. |
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Term
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Definition
| on appeal, when a trial court of general jurisdiction offers a new trial instead of the review of the lower court's decision. |
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Term
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Definition
the main purpose is to help ensure the reappearance of the accused at trial. |
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Term
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Definition
| Release on Recognizance, Property Bond, Deposit Bail, Conditional Release, Third-Party Custody, Unsecured Bonds, Signature Bonds. |
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Term
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Definition
1) given a formal notice of the charges against them, 2) to be advised of their rights, 3) to be given the opportunity to retain a lawyer or to have one appointed to represent them, and 4)perhaps to be afforded the opportunity for bail. |
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Term
| Release on Recognizance (ROR) |
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Definition
| The pretrial release of a criminal defendant on his or her own written promise to appear in court as required. No cash or property bond is required. |
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Term
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Definition
| most similar to a guilty plea. |
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Term
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Definition
| tested the effectivness of ROR alternative |
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Term
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Definition
| to give the defendant an opportunity to challenge the legal basis for his or her detention; establish mental competence to stand trial. |
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Term
| Professionals in the Court Room |
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Definition
| Judge, Prosecuting Attorney, Defense Counsel, Bailiff, Local Court Administrators, Court Reporter, Clerk of Court, Expert Witnesses. |
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Term
| Roles of Defense Attorney |
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Definition
| attorney, negotiator, investigator, confidant, family and personal counsel, social worker, bill collector. |
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Term
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Definition
| keeps order and announces the judges entry into the courtroom. |
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Term
| Outsiders in the Courtroom |
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Definition
| lay witnesses, jurors, the victim, the defendant, spectators and the press. |
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Term
| Motion for the Change of Venue |
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Definition
| asks the court to move the trial to some other location to ensure the defendant receives a fair trial. |
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Term
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Definition
| The two-sided structure under which American criminal trial courts operate that pits the prosecution against the defense. |
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Term
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Definition
| Weapons, tire tracks, and fingerprints are what type of evidence. |
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Term
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Definition
1. Trial Initiation
2. Jury Selection
3. Opening Statements
4. the Presentation of Evidence
5. Closing Arguments
6. The judge’s charge to the jury
7. Jury deliberations
8. the Verdict |
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Term
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Definition
| A written order issued by a judicial officer or grand jury requiring an individual to appear in court and to give testimony or to bring material to be used as evidence. |
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Term
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Definition
| Evidence that requires interpretation or that requires a judge or jury to reach a conclusion base on what the evidence indicates. |
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Term
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Definition
| 12, with 1 or 2 alternatives. |
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Term
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Definition
| A jury that is isolated from the public during the course of a trial and throughout the deliberation process. |
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Term
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Definition
| The intentional making of a false statement as a part of the testimony by a sworn witness in a judicial proceeding on a matter relevant to the case at hand. |
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Term
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Definition
| act of taking revenge on a criminal perpetrator. |
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Term
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Definition
| A goal of criminal sentencing that attempts to make the victim “whole again." |
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Term
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Definition
| A model of criminal punishment that encourages rehabilitation through the use of general and relatively unspecific sentences (such as a term of imprisonment of from one to ten years). |
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Term
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Definition
| holds that the severity of sanctions should bear a direct relationship to the seriousness of the crime committed. |
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Term
| Presentence Investigation |
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Definition
| when a judge prior to sentencing requests information on the background of a convicted defendant. |
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Term
| Aggravating Circumstances |
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Definition
| opposite of mitigating circumstances. |
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