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Criminology Today
Criminology Today
103
Criminal Justice
Undergraduate 1
12/07/2013

Additional Criminal Justice Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Comfort

Definition

According to the typology of serial killers developed by Holmes and DeBurger, the __________ serial killer kills
for financial or material gain.

Term
Heroin
Definition
Which of the following drugs is not a stimulant?
Term
A focus on serious crime
Definition
Which of the following was not a result of the broken windows thesis?
Term
Pluralistic
Definition

The __________ perspective holds that although different viewpoints exist, most individuals agree on the
usefulness of the law as a formal means of dispute resolution.

Term
Globalization
Definition
__________ is a process of social homogenization by which the experiences of everyday life can foster a
standardization of cultural expression around the world.
Term
Radical; critical
Definition

 __________ criminology consists of a proactive call for change in the social conditions leading to crime,
whereas __________ criminology is a way of critiquing social relationships leading to crime.

Term
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Definition
In the case of __________, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected an earlier standard for the admissibility of
scientific evidence and said that all relevant evidence is admissible unless otherwise provided by the
U.S. Constitution or other relevant legal rules.
Term
Retail
Definition
The most common commercial establishment to be targeted for burglary is a __________ establishment.
Term
Social bond theory postulates that
Definition
crime occurs when a person's links to society are weakened or broken, thus reducing the
likelihood of conformity.
Term
Same sex rape is most common
Definition
in correctional institutions.
Term

     The Federal Bureau of Investigation
Definition
Which of the following agencies is not part of the Department of Homeland Security?
Term
China
Definition
One of the first immigration laws in the United States focused on ending the influx of male workers coming from
Term
A fence commits the crime of
Definition
receiving stolen property
Term
Chicago
Definition
The St. Valentine's Day massacre established Al Capone as the undisputed ruler of organized crime in
Term
External vehicle parts
Definition
When considering theft from motor vehicles, the most frequently stolen items are
Term
A mugging
Definition
Which of the following is not an institutional robbery?
Term
Howard Kaplan
Definition
Self-derogation theory was developed by
Term
W.I. Thomas and Florian Znaniecki
Definition
__________ studied Polish immigrants in American cities and suggested the increased crime rates among these people
was due to social disorganization.
Term
Social control theories focus on
Definition
the process through which social integration develops.
Term
Conflict
Definition
The __________ perspective holds that conflict is a fundamental aspect of social life that can never be fully
resolved.
Term
Conflict
Definition
The concept that the powerful strive to keep their power is a characteristic of the __________ perspective.
Term
The Haitian Mafia
Definition
Which of the following is not one of the world's major crime clans?
Term
Conflict
Definition
__________ theories suggest that crime is the result of class struggle
Term
RICO
Definition
The single most important piece of federal legislation that specifically targets organized crime activities is
Term
Computer crime
Definition
__________ is defined as any violation of a federal or state computer statute.
Term
Viruses
Definition
Malware
Term
Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
Definition
In the case of __________, the U.S. Supreme Court rejected an earlier standard for the admissibility of
scientific evidence and said that all relevant evidence is admissible unless otherwise provided by the
U.S. Constitution or other relevant legal rules
Term
Most social scientists today identify __________ social classes.
Definition
three
Term
Conflict
Definition
The concept that the powerful strive to keep their power is a characteristic of the __________ perspective.
Term
AFIS
Definition

__________ is a system used to match a suspect's fingerprints against stored records.

Term
Strain theory
Definition
Which of the following is not one of the approaches upon which environmental criminology builds?
Term
50
Definition
Approximately __________ percent of all cleared arson cases involve juveniles.
Term
Product liability
Definition
The tobacco industry case involved the crime of
Term
Larceny
Definition
__________ is defined as "the unlawful taking, carrying, leading, or riding away of property from the possession of another."
Term
Short-term employees
Definition
Most employee theft of cash or merchandise is committed by
Term
Travis Hirschi
Definition
Social bond theory was popularized by
Term
Charles R. Tittle
Definition
Control balance theory was proposed by
Term
Resentful vendetta-motivated stalker
Definition
A stalker who acts out of a sense of wrong or a grievance against the victim is probably a(n) __________.
Term
50
Definition
Approximately __________ percent of all cleared arson cases involve juveniles.
Term
AFIS
Definition
__________ is a system used to match a suspect's fingerprints against stored records.
Term
Seriously reduced
Definition
Once an individual is labeled "deviant," opportunities for conforming behavior are
Term
James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling.
Definition
The broken windows perspective was developed by
Term
Ecology
Definition
The social pathology model was used by early social __________ theorists.
Term
72
Definition

According to victimization data, approximately _________ percent of households will be burglarized at least
once over the average lifetime.

Term
Three
Definition
Most social scientists today identify __________ social classes.
Term
All of the above
Definition
Prolonged use of narcotics may result in
Term
Corporate
Definition
The prior knowledge of the exploding gas tanks on Pinto automobiles and GM pickup trucks is an example
of __________ crime.
Term
Race
Definition
Which of the following is not an achieved characteristic?
Term
Ethnocentrism involves
Definition
using one's own culture as a benchmark against which to judge other patterns of behavior.
Term
Two
Definition
Modern radical criminologies are divided into __________ schools.
Term
Conflict
Definition
The __________ perspective holds that conflict is a fundamental aspect of social life that can never
be fully resolved.
Term
Classical criminology
Definition
Which of the following is not a school of thought related to radical criminology?
Term
Peacemaking
Definition
__________ criminology suggests that social control agencies and citizens should work together to alleviate
social problems and human suffering and thus reduce crime.
Term
Race
Definition
Which of the following is not an achieved characteristic?
Term
Religious
Definition
Al-Qaeda is an example of __________ terrorism.
Term
Social disenfranchisement
Definition
Social structure theories see __________ as a fundamental cause of crime.
Term
Retail
Definition
The most common commercial establishment to be targeted for burglary is a __________ establishment.
Term
3/50
Definition
Sherman's "hot spots" research found that __________ percent of places in Minneapolis generated __________ percent of all calls to the police.
Term
The offender’s motivation
Definition
Hazelwood and Burgess's typology of rapists is based on
Term
Restorative
Definition
__________ justice is based on restoration rather than on punishment
Term
Cyber Security Enhancement
Definition
The __________ Act is part of the 2002 Homeland Security Act.
Term
Peacemaking
Definition
__________ criminology suggests that social control agencies and citizens should work together to alleviate social problems and human
suffering and thus reduce crime.
Term
Phishing
Definition
__________ involves using official-looking e-mail messages to steal valuable information.
Term
Viruses
Definition
Malware involves
Term
Which of the following is not a characteristic of gang homicides?
Definition
They are more likely to involve victims and offenders who have a prior relationship.
Term
Twenty-first
Definition
Prohibition was repealed by passage of the __________ Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
Term
Social process
Definition
__________ theories suggest that crime is the end product of factors such as inappropriate socialization and social learning.
Term
Howard Becker
Definition
The book Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance, was written by
Term
Legalization will promote sex trafficking.
Definition
Which of the following is not an argument in favor of legalization of prostitution?
Term
Smoked
Definition
Crack cocaine is usually
Term
Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi.
Definition
The general theory of crime was proposed by
Term
60
Definition
Legalization will stop prostitution from being forced onto thApproximately __________ percent of homicide victims
and offenders have some prior relationship
Term
Mexico.
Definition
Most marijuana consumed in the United States is either grown here or imported from
Term
Radical; critical
Definition
__________ criminology consists of a proactive call for change in the social conditions leading to crime, whereas __________ criminology
is a way of critiquing social relationships leading to crime
Term
Social control theory
Definition
Which of the following is not a type of social structure theory?
Term
Robbery
Definition
Felony murder most commonly occurs during the commission of which felony?
Term
Robbery on the street
Definition
Which of the following is a personal robbery?
Term
72
Definition
According to victimization data, approximately __________ percent of households will be burglarized at least once over the average lifetime.
Term
Marijuana
Definition
__________ is a relatively mild, nonaddictive drug with limited hallucinogenic properties
Term
California
Definition
In 1996, __________ passed a resolution legalizing the medical use of marijuana.
Term
Tobacco
Definition
Research suggests that D.A.R.E.-type interventions do have a significant effect on __________ use.
Term
External vehicle parts.
Definition
When considering theft from motor vehicles, the most frequently stolen items are
Term
Professional
Definition
A physician who bills Medicare for blood tests that are never actually performed is involved in __________ occupational crime
Term
Pluralistic
Definition
The __________ perspective holds that although different viewpoints exist, most individuals agree on the usefulness of the law as a
formal means of dispute resolution.
Term
Self-control.
Definition
According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's general theory of crime, the key concept in explaining all forms of criminal behavior is
Term
Phishing
Definition
__________ involves using official-looking e-mail messages to steal valuable information.
Term
loan-sharking.
Definition
Lending money at rates significantly higher than the legally prescribed limits is known as
Term
Police officers
Definition
__________ experience the highest rates of workplace violence.
Term
Softlifting
Definition
__________ involves purchasing one licensed copy of a piece of software and loading it onto multiple computers
Term
Personal animosity.
Definition
Most homicides are motivated by
Term
Classical criminology
Definition
Which of the following is not a school of thought related to radical criminology?
Term
Restorative
Definition
__________ justice is based on restoration rather than on punishment
Term
Cyber Security Enhancement
Definition
The __________ Act is part of the 2002 Homeland Security Act.
Term
1919
Definition
The Eighteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution was ratified in
Term
Short-term employees.
Definition
Most employee theft of cash or merchandise is committed by
Term
Turkey
Definition
Which of the following countries is not located in the Golden Triangle area?
Term
Immigration and Nationality Act
Definition
The __________ established the Immigration and Naturalization Service.
Term
Polymorphic
Definition
A __________ virus uses advanced encryption techniques to assemble varied but fully operational clones of itself.
Answer
Term
Strangers
Definition
Male serial killers are more likely to target __________ as victims.
Term
Intensity
Definition
Which of the following is not one of the four dimensions of a criminal career?
Term
Two
Definition
Modern radical criminologies are divided into __________ schools.
Term
Nationalist
Definition
__________ terrorists claim that they are fighting for liberation from an unfair and repressive political entity
Term
Iran.
Definition
The most active state sponsor of terrorism in the world is
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