Term
| What are three common ways to navigate? |
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Definition
- Pilotage: visible landmarks
- Dead Reckoning: computing direction and distance from a known position
- Radio navigation
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Term
| Types of aeronautical charts available for use in VFR navigation |
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Definition
- Sectional Charts: 1" = 6.86 nm
- Terminal Area Charts: 1" = 3.43 nm. Depict Class B airspace
- VFR Flyways: flight paths and altitudes recommended for bypass of high traffic areas
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Term
| What is an isogonic line? |
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Definition
| Shown as broken magenta lines, they connect points of equal magnetic variation. They show the amount and direction of magnetic variation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The angle between true north and magnetic north. Expressed as east variation or west variation depending upon whether magnetic north (MN) is to the east or west of true north |
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Term
| Within which frequency range do VOR's operate? |
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Definition
| In the very high frequency (VHF) band between 108-117.95 |
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Term
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Definition
| A line of magnetic bearing extending from a VOR |
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Term
| How are VOR NAVAIDS classified? |
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Definition
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Term
| What reception distance can be expected from a class T VOR? |
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Definition
12,000 feet and below
25 nm |
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Term
| What reception distance can be expected from a class-L VOR? |
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Definition
| Below 18,000 feet and 40 nm |
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Term
| What limitations apply to VOR reception distances? |
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Definition
| Line-of-sight restrictions and the range varies proportionally to the altitude of the receiving equipment |
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Term
| What are the different methods for checking the accuracy of VOR receiver equipment? |
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Definition
- VOT check (+/- 4 degrees)
- Ground checkpoint (+/- 4 degrees)
- Airborne checkpoint (+/- 6 degrees)
- Dual VOR check (+/- 4 degrees)
- Selected radial over a known ground point (+/- 6)
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Term
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Definition
| Distance Measuring Equipment (airborne and ground): used to measure, in nautical miles, the slant range distance of an aircraft from the DME navigational aid. Aircraft equipped with DME are provided with distance and ground speed information when receiving VORTAC or TACAN facility. Operates on UHF frequencies between 960-1215 MHz |
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Term
| Three functional elements of GPS |
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Definition
Space element: consists of 30 satellites
Control element: consists of a network of ground-based GPS monitoring and control stations that ensure the accuracy of satellite positions and their clocks
User elements: consists of antennas and receiver-processors onboard aircraft that provide positioning, velocity, and precise timing to the user |
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Term
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Definition
| Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring |
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Term
| What is the purpose of RAIM |
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Definition
| Self-monitoring function performed by a GPS receiver to ensure that adequate GPS signals are being received from the satellites at all times. The GPS will alert the pilot whenever the integrity monitoring determines that the GPS signals do not meet the criteria for safe navigational use. |
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Term
| 3 ways to obtain RAIM availability information |
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Definition
- Manufacturer-Supplied RAIM prediction tool
- Service Availability Prediction Tool on the FAA enroute and terminal RAIM prediction website
- GPS RAIM aeronautical information from an FSS during preflight briefings
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Term
| If RAIM capability is lost in flight, can you continue to use GPS for navigation? |
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Definition
| Without RAIM capability, the pilot has no assurance of the accuracy of the GPS position. VFR GPS panel-mount receivers and handheld units have no RAIM alerting capability. This prevents the pilot from being alerted to the loss of the required number of satellites in view or the detection of a position error |
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Term
| Before conducting a flight using GPS equipment for navigation, what basic preflight checks should be made? |
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Definition
- Verify the GPS equipment is properly installed and certified for the planned navigation
- Verify that the databases (navigation, terrain, obstacle, etc.) have not expired
- Review GPS NOTAM/RAIM information related to the planned route of flight
- Review operational status of ground-based NAVAIDs and related aircraft equipment (30 day VOR check) appropriate to the route of flight
- Determine that the GPS receiver operation manual or airplane flight manual supplement is onboard and available for use
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Term
| During a preflight briefing, will the FSS briefer automatically provide a pilot with GPS NOTAMs? |
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Definition
| No. You must specifically request GPS/WAAS NOTAMs |
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Term
| How many satellites does a GPS receiver require to compute its position? |
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Definition
3 satellites - yields a latitude and longitude position only (2D)
4 satellites - yields lat, long, and altitude position (3D)
5 satellites - 3D and RAIM
6 satellites - 3D and RAIM (isolates corrupt signal and removes from navigation solution |
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Term
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Definition
| Wide area augmentation system. A ground and satellite integrated navigational error correction system the provides accuracy enhancements to signals received from the global positioning system. Provides extremely accurate lateral and vertical navigation signals to aircraft equipped with |
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Term
| Pressure Altitude Formula |
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Definition
| PA = (29.92-ALT) X 1000 + FE |
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Term
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Definition
PA + 120(OAT - ISA)
ISA = 15 C or 59 F |
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Term
| After takeoff, you attempt to activate your VFR flight plan but are unable to contact the FSS. What will happen to you filed flight plan? |
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Definition
| When a VFR flight plan is filed, it is held by the FSS until 1 hour after the proposed departure time and then is cancelled |
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Term
| If it becomes apparent that you cannot locate your position, what action is recommended at this point? |
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Definition
5 C's
Climb - higher altitude allows better communication and visual range
Communicate - 121.5 if necessary
Confess
Comply
Conserve |
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