• The total Biblical assignment of the Church of Jesus Christ;
• The work of God in reconciling sinful humankind of Himself.

• The plans of committed believers to accomplish the mission of God
• The sending forth of authorized persons beyond the borders of the present-day church and her immediate gospel influence to proclaim the gospel of Jesus Christ in the gospel-destitute areas, to win converts to Jesus Christ, and to establish functioning, multiplying local churches which bear the fruit of Christianity in tat community and to that country. 

• A messenger sent  out with a message;
• a Christian messenger of the gospel of Jesus Christ, sent forth by the authority if the Lord and the church to cross national, cultural and/or religious boundaries in order to occupy new frontiers for Christ, to preach the gospel of redemption in Christ Jesus unto the salvation of the people, to make disciples and to establish functioning and evangelising Christian churches according to the command of Christ and the example of the apostles. 

• The special ability that God gives to some member of the Body of Christ to minister whatever other spiritual gifts they have in the context of a second culture.

• The initial phase of Christian Ministry
• the authoritative proclamation of the gospel of Jesus Christ as revealed in the Bible, in relevant and intelligible terms, in a persuasive manner, with the definite purpose of making Christian converts

• Disorientation experienced when one moves from one culture context to another;
• The trauma of learning to adapt to a new culture

• Disorientation experienced when one returns to one's "home" cultural context;
• The trauma of learning to re adapt to one's own culture

• The act of pulling people out of their cultures and into the missionaries' culture, thus forcing nationals to identify with the missionaries

• The act of entering into the culture if the missionalized
• The missionary seeks to identify with the national people in their culture and life situation as much as possible without compromising the gospel message

• The assumption that all other people are like us;
• I place my culture at the center of the universe

• The assumption, on a cultural level, that all other peoples should be like us, resulting in the tendency to judge other peoples'  actions and attributes on the basis of our own: "My culture is better than your culture"
• An extension of monoculturalism

• The learned skill of relating to people of other cultures within the contexts of their culture;
• Being adept at entering into another's culture context.

• A perception of the one's world, and how things in it interconnect;
• The central set of concepts and presuppositions that provide people with their basic assumptions about reality;
• A set of presuppositions (or assumptions) which one holds (consciously or subconsciously) abut the basic make-up of one's world;
• The shared framework of ideas held by a particular society concerning how they perceive the world.

• The insider's view of a culture

• The outsider's view of a culture

• The integrated system of learned patterns of ideas, values, behaviour, products, and institutions characteristic of a society;
• The outward expression of a peoples' worldview

• The process by which adults acquire the knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, and behaviours that enable them to become functioning participants of a new host culture

• The process by which children learn to become functioning members of their own society assimilating its values and behaviours as the norm for their lives

• A web of social relationships;
• A significantly large grouping of individuals who perceive themselves to have a common affinity for one another because of their shared language, religion, ethnicity, residence, geography, occupation, class or caste, age, gender, situation, ect., or combination of these.

• The web of family relationships which ties people together along family lines

• The tendency for people to associate mainly with those they have something in common with;
• The preference for becoming a Christian without crossing barriers

• The state of being able, inclined, willing or quick to receive, take in or admit knowledge, the readiness of people to hear God's Word and accept His sovereignty

• The system, principle or practice of managing or governing individuals, groups, nations, ect. in a manner of the father dealing with his children where dependency results. 

• The theory that young churches on the mission field would gain their independence on the basis of three principles: self-propagation, self-support, self-government. 

• Literally, that which is born from within;
• What is local, innate or native to a culture, as contrasted to what is foreign, alien and exotic. 

• The theory that young churches on the mission field would become a better part of their culture, speaking the language of the culture, being sensitive to its peoples' understanding of reality and fitting the patterns and structures of its culture 

• Making the gospel intelligible and meaningful to people in the recipient culture;
• Communicating a message in a language and with illustrations and applications which the people of a particular cultural context can understand and relate to.

• That which is opposes or challenges the norms and values of a particular culture;
• For Christians, the practice of dwelling in this world as "aliens and strangers" who struggle to live exemplary lives among pagans (1 Peter 2:11-12)

• That which is over and above culture, and therefore capable of judging all cultures (i.e. God)

• The theory  that young churches on the mission feld world work alongside missionary agencies;
• An association of two or more Christian autonomous bodies who have formed a trust relationship, and fulfill agreed-upon expectations by sharing complementary strengthens and resources, to reach their mutual goal.

• The process in which the combining of ingredients increases each one`s effectiveness;
• The combined understandings and actions of two or more people or groups are able to make implement mutual decisions that are better than those made individually. 

• New Testament Missionaries:
• Reached across the Roman Emire to the entire Mediterranean world, and to much of southern Europe plus parts of Africa and Asia.
• Every believer
• Lasted
• By 313 AD (25% - 50 million Popilation- Christian)
• 1500 Yr Period of Missionary Inactivity:
• Middle Ages/ Medieval Period/ Dark ages
• Cause:Barbarian resistance/Anti-Roman
• Chrisitanity- Roman thing
• 622 - Islamic uprising/ expansion/ evolution
• "The Great Paradox" Protestant Reformation in 1517 brought resistance to Roman Catholic abuses and a restoration of the centrality and authority of the Bible, yet:
• Cause: distractions of theological debates                    discouragement in the great commission

• European Missionaries:
• 1792 William Carrey  became the "Father of Modern Missions"
• Wrote and appeal to the church in Eurpoe 
• Spent 40 years in India

• All cultures are valid
• All cultures are distorted by sin and are ultimately judged by God
• God and His Word are supracultural

The Structure of Cultues: Lloyd Kwast's "4 Layers of Culture" Model

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Behaviour - What is done?

- They reflect the culture's values

Values - What is good or best?

- They reflect the culture's system of beliefs

Beliefs - What is true?

- They reflect the cultures world view

Worldview - What is real?

- They reflect the culture's ultimate concerns

• How one sees the world and the universe around them
• What a people group perceives as real
• That which is central to one's culture; the bias of a people's beliefs, values, and behaviours

•  Industrialized Western countries, mostly in the Northern Hemisphere

The Life and Work of Missionaries:

Primary, Secondary and Defective Motives

Primary Motives: Reflecting the Will of God

- Compelled by God's love and compassion

- Concerned for Time Running Out

- Thanksgiving to God

Secondary Motives: Preaching Christ for Humanitarian and Personal Reasons

- Desires to Help People Physically

- Desire for Adventure

- Desire to build a Deeper Faith

Defective Motives: Preaching Christ for Selfish Purposes

- Desires to Make a Name for Oneself

- Desires to Build Personal Kingdoms

- Desires to Escape One's Own Culture or Church Situation

- Desire to Appease Guilt

Pulls national receptor peoples out of their cultures into the missionary's cultural arena where he/she feels more comfortable and preparing them to do ministry in a foreign way;

- Assumes all people are alike

- Seldom focuses on specific audiences

- Imposes foreignness on the national church

- Engages in impersonal, detached relationships with nationals

- Creates dependent national churches and institutions

- Secularizes non-Western societies

The missionary enters into the national receptor peoples' cultural arena, preparing them for doing ministry within their own culture, using sustainable and culturally appropriate means;

- Assumes people differ significantly

- tailors ministry to specific audiences

- Understands the local culture

- Engages in intimate, interpersonal, reciprocal relationships with nationals

- Empathizes with Nationals

- Shares on a philosophical level with nationals

- Creates dependent national churches and institutions

One who, in one way or another, has become informed about the cause of world missions, and who is participating in world missions in whatever way they can;

Characteristic:

1. Mission-minded; keep themselves informed
2. Globally-informed; committed to being educated about things
3. Passionate
4. Actively participating

A. Theological Foundations;

God: The Source of Mission

a. In the Old Testament

b. In the New Testament

A. Theological Foundations; Christ:

The Message of Mission

a. Proclaiming the Kingdom

b. Becoming the Message

- The Problem of Messages that Usurp the Foundational Message

A. Theological Foundations;

The Holy Spirit: The Power of Missions

a. Driving the Mission of God Forward

b. Perparing the Witnesses of God

c. Empowering the Witnesses of God

d. Guiding the Witnesses of God

A. Theological Foundations;

The Church The Embodiment of Mission

a. The Result of Mission

b. God's Distinctive People in the World

c. God's Witness to the World

d. God's History-Making Force

A. Theological Foundations;

The World: The Target of Mission

a. Broken, Harassed, Blinded and in Bondage

b. The Focus of God

1. Disciples in Crisis; Commissioned, but confused
2. The Birth of a New Missionary Instrument; The Power of Pentecost, The Holy Spirit's New Ministries
3. The Church Begins to Reach Out; The Doors of Faith Opened to Hellenic Jews, The Church remains Solidly Jewish, The Doors of Faith Opened to Non-Jews, The Church Lifts Religio-Cultural Barriers to Gentile Conversation
4. The Unique Church at Antioch of Syria; The First Multicultural Church, The First Misionary Sending Church
5. The Unique Ministry of the Apostle Paul; Prepared as a Tri-Cultural Person, Commissioned to Reach the Gentile World
6. The Use of Missionary Teams; Instigated by the Holy Spirit, Enabled by the Local church, Granted premission by Church Leadership
7. Missionaries Go to the Distant World (Church Tradition); Paul to Croatia, John Mark to Egypt, Thomas to Persia & India

1. From Jerusalem to the Known World
2. From Jewish Culture to Multicultural
3. From Judaic Sect to Christianity
4. From Racism to Inclusion & Equality

• All that one believes and practices, both formally and informally, in relation to the spiritual world around oneself

• Tradition - the collective understanding by scholars about the board general traits of a religion as defined, shared and practiced by its adherents

• A religious tradition which has become a global, multi-ethnic or multinational, and highly institutionalized phenomenon

• A religious tradition which tends to be more localized, homogeneous and less institutionalized, phenomenon
• Often an expression of animistic and shamanistic ways that are thought to pre-date and syncretise with the world religions

1. Their Origins: A historical timeline
2. Their Global Distribution
3. Their Growth & Decline

The Missional Mountain: 

Draw and insert Labels with explanations

The Holy Spirit: Empowers 

God: The Source

Church: Riverbed, Channel

Jesus: Living water, Message

Pools: Stagnant Church

The World: The Target

1. Initial Commitment: to carry out God's Mission
2. General Training: better prepare ones self for the task of evangelizing
3. Field Selection: where you will be placed
4. Focused Training: formal and informal preperation
5. Initial Adjustment: leaving and entering new culture
6. Long-Term Service: plant churches that with God's help can stand by themselves
7. Reentry: returning home looking at culture with different eyes

• From a Christian perspective, is the anthropological perspective that cultures are essentially equal to one another but ultimately judged by God. 

• Occurs among people who speak the same general language as the missionary and have simial cultural heritage.

• Occurs when Christians outreach to cultures that have some type of general similarity as that of the evangelist

• takes place when missionaries teach those of a significantly different language and culture

• is Christian proclamation to nominal Christians who attend but have not yet declared Christ as Lord

• Missionaries glamorize the superficial elements in the new culture

• is characterized by angxiety
• the growing realization of  cultural diversity, friction between conflicting ideologies, the diappointment of learning true motivations of some "friends" and fear of what is not yet known about the culture

• When missionaries feel at home in their host culture
• relatively fluent in the language 
• Picture the area in which they live as home

• Glamor becomes anxiety

          - Adaptation to culture|  involving|   interpersonal          identification and critical self-evaluation

• Rejection of culture

           - Go Native            Go home

• Withdrawal

• Since their technology is superior so is their culture

• their greatness lies in the superiority of[American] education

• All cultures are moving to become like [America] because it is the most civilized nation in the world

• American Christians frequently feel that their culture is superior of its Christian heritage

• believe that they have creatively selected the  best customs throughout the world in order to formulate a superior culture

• ridicule their own cultures but adore their host cultures

• The evangelist is the source (s) who encodes the message (M) of the gospel. The person being taught is the receptor (R). The receptor never decodes the message exactly as the source intended, but precise vocabulary and appropriate illustrations can minimize misunderstanding. 

• is any disruption in the communication event

So exactly what it means... 

• Evangelists develop method's that effectively work in particular contexts and then apply them to every situation. 

• Emphasize the roles of God in missions and evangelism and assume that human planning negates the divine role. 

• focus on beginnings rather than outcomes, they sometimes make beacheads into areas where the gospel would not otherwise go

• are based on the assumption that cultures and situations are different and each one requires its own special strategy. 

• initiating reproductive fellowships that reflect the kingdom of God in the world

• is the final period of the church maturation 
• Elders of the church take on major roles, and the church planter now becomes a guest of the church, and the church becomes self maintaining. 

1. A passion for commodities
2. communities are disintegrating
3. culture is becoming exceedingly complex
4. cultural relativism, spawned by Western individualism, is a typical urban response to cultures complexity

• Cell Groups: Based on geography and consumed with trying to develop a feeling of oneness; groups based on homogeneiology more easily develop a sense of unity 

• the eqquiping of "God's people for works of service, so that the body of Christ may be built up" (Eph 4:12)

• are lay servants who provide massive grassroots leadership on local churches

• also lay leaders, but they have more authority and broader influence

• in Western context are full-time ministers in local congregational settings; they are involved in face-to-face ministry but are also likely bi-vocational

• Have a regional influence much wider than in the church or agency in which they work

• are those Christians who have national and international influence

• refers to classroom instructional within an organized school setting

• based on the premise that students most effectively learn through designed experiences in a deliberately organized program

• Informal training uses life activities as the basis for purposeful training. 

• an association of two or more Christian autonomous bodies who have formed a trusting relationship, and fulfill agreed-upon expectations by sharing complementary strength and resources, to reach their mutual goal

• occurs when mission agencies and churches plant new churches and maintain ongoing relationships with them

• establishes its own structure and hires nationals to carry out its objectives

• Westren finaces support national churches rather than missions to new areas

• integrates nationals and Westerns working together on the same team

• model local mission agencies and churches or churches ask for assistance from Western agencies and churches

• Model  Western agencies and churches equip national Churches by supplying money, personnel, and technical assistance

• also assumes validity of the local church in missions. Churches in different parts of the world enable each other to do God's work

• All three major  non-Christian religions - Islam, Hinduism and Buddhism - originated the 10/40 Window and have their greatest strength there.
• It is located 10 degrees south to 40 degrees north of the equator, which includes Africa, the Middle East and Central Asia

•  Industrialized Eastern (formerly Communist) countries, mostly in the Northern Hemisphere.

• Non-Industrialized countries, mostly in the Southern Hemisphere.