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CTEL
Bilingual Education - terminology and law
17
Other
Professional
10/18/2010

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Term
Bilingual Education Act of 1968
Definition
first federal law relating to BE; authorized funds for BE programs nationwide;
Term
Serna v. Portales Municipal Schools (1972)
Definition
the first case in which the federal courts began to enforce Title VI of the Civil Rights Act; a federal judge ordered instruction in native language and culture as part of a desegregation plan.
Term
Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Definition
prohibited discrimination in education based on race, color, or national origin; interpreted to prohibit denial of equal access to education because of an EL's limited proficiency in English.
Term
Lau v. Nichols (1974)
Definition
landmark case that basically made illegal those practices that excluded children from effective education on the basis of language; the effect (not intent) of school district policies was proof of discrimination.
Term
Equal Education Opportunities Act (EEOA) of 1974
Definition
"No state shall deny equal educational opportunities . . . . on account of the failure of an educational agency to take appropriate action to overcome language barriers that impede equal participation . . ."
Term
1975 "Lau Remedies"
Definition
guidelines that told districts how to identify and evaluate children w/ limited English skills, what instructional treatments to use, when to transfer students to all-English classes, and what professional standards teachers needed to meet.
Term
Title III of the NCLB Act of 2001
Definition
provides funding for language instruction programs for limited English proficient and immigrant students, provided these students "meet the same challenging State academic content and achievement standards as all students. . ."
Term
Cal. Prop 227 (1998)
Definition
some bilingual education programs dismantled (in favor of temporary 'sheltered English' programs/classrooms.
Term
"bilingual education"
Definition
umbrella term for various types of programs and models; used in two ways:
1. for education that promotes academic and linguistic development in two languages;
2. programs that include students who speak languages other than English
Term
Bilingual Education Models - Submersion
Definition
no provisions are made for the language and academic needs of English learners; English monolingualism is the goal; the "default mode"
Term
Bilingual Education Models -- ELD
Definition
English Language Development
1. Pull-Out ELD
2. ELD Class Period
3. Content-Based ELD
4. Sheltered Instruction (SDAIE)
Term
Bilingual Education Models - Transitional (Early Exit) Bilingual Education (TBE)
Definition
goal is to mainstream students into EOnly classrooms; student receive most if not all academic instruction in L1; programs last 2 - 3 years (acquire BICS skills); research shows TBE programs are not that effective at CALP
Term
Bilingual Education Models -- Maintenance Bilingual Education (MBE)
Definition
proficiency in both languages is goal; quick transition to mainstream classes is not the goal; mostly implemented at elementary grade level; AKA "late exit" programs; emphasis on fostering connection to heritage and culture
Term
Bilingual Education Models -- Immersion Bilingual Education
Definition
provides academic and language instruction in two languages from K-12; the goal is proficiency in two languages; AKA 'additive bilingualism'; popular in Canada among middle-class in Quebec, etc.
Term
Castaneda v. Pickard (1981)
Definition
key ruling: when ready to re-classify students from EL to fluency, cannot use one standard of proficiency; must take different achievements into account; there must be a pedagogically sound plan for LEP students;
Term
NCLB Act and bilingual ed; NCLB requires states to . .
Definition
- identify English learners
- measure their English proficiency
- include them in state testing programs that assess academic skills
- establish statewide English proficiency standards
- assess each ELL with a test that is aligned w/ standards
- set AMAOs - Annual Measurable Achievement Objectives for ELLs
Term
Williams v. State of California (2004)
Definition
state must provide equal access to education by providing: adequate facilities, credentialed teachers, sufficient instructional materials;
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