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| indicates the figure, usually the director, who stamped a film with his/her own "personality" |
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| refers to one who transforms a work achieved in another medium into a film. |
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| objects, events, spaces and the characters that inhabit them, including things, actions, and attitudes not explicitly presented in the film but inferred by the audience. |
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| Focus refers to the degree to which light rays coming from any particular part of an object pass through the lens and reconverge at the same point on a frame of the film negative, creating sharp outlines and distinct textures that match the original object. |
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| All the things that are "put in the scene": the setting, the decor, the lighting, the costumes, the performance etc. Narrative films often manipulate the elements of mise-en-scene, such as decor, costume, and acting to intensify or undermine the ostensible significance of a particular scene. |
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| Usually used to combine foreground action, often actors in conversation, with a background often shot earlier, on location. |
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| provides depth. A backlight picks out the subject from its background, a bright key light highlights the object and a fill light from the opposite side ensures that the key light casts only faint shadows. |
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| Used in comedies. the fill light is raised to almost the same level as the key light |
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| A lighting scheme that employs very little fill light, creating strong contrasts between the brightest and darkest parts of an image and often creating strong shadows that obscure parts of the principal subjects. |
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| use of deep frames to convey distance between characters, etc. can be used as a mise-en-scene device |
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| staging elements that face the camera head-on |
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| process shot in which two photographic images (usually background and foreground) are combined into a single image using an optical printer. |
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| image staged with very little depth; creates ambiguity |
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| Typage refers to the selection of actors on the basis that their facial or bodily features readily convey the truth of the character the actor plays. |
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| Shallow focus suggests psychological introspection, since a character appears as oblivious to the world around her/him. It is therefore commonly employed in genres such as the melodrama, where the actions and thoughts of an individual prevail over everything else. |
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| A typical sound film is shot at a frame rate of 24 frames per second. If the number of frames exposed in each second is increased, the action will seem to move more slowly than normal when it is played back. |
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