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Cultural Anthro
Exam 1
20
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
09/29/2009

Additional Anthropology Flashcards

 


 

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Term
Anthropology
Definition
the scientific study of mankind
Term
archaeology
Definition
the study of the material remains of cultures
Term
cultural anthropology
Definition
the study of human cultures, including archaeology and linguistics, as well as ethnology and ethnography
Term
Cultural determinism
Definition
people are easily shaped by their cultures, which are far more important than biology in affecting who they are. Culture begets culture.
Term
cultural ecology
Definition
the study of relationship of cultures to their immediate environments; environment shapes culture
Term
Cultural materialism
Definition
materials and ecological constraints determine every aspect of any culture
Term
cultural relativism
Definition
beliefs and actions of people can only be evaluated within the context of their own cultural context. No absolutes.
Term
culture
Definition
produced by societies, learned through social interaction, transmitted from one generation to another, held in common by members of the society that generated it; includes knowledge, beliefs, behavior, values, norms, emotins. SYMBOLIC.
Term
enculturation
Definition
the process of being raised within, taught, and personally absorbing a culture
Term
ethnography
Definition
a detailed and comprehensive written description of a culture
Term
ethnology
Definition
analysis, explanation and comparison of cultures
Term
fieldwork
Definition
the study of a culture through sustained, direct observation of, and participation within it.
Term
functionalism
Definition
the idea that different aspects of cultures exist because they support the survival of individuals and whole cultures
Term
historical particularism
Definition
an approach within cultural anthropology that emphasizes the uniqueness of each culture, and denigrates the idea of general theories about culture
Term
linguistics
Definition
the systematic study of language
Term
neo-evolutionism
Definition
a modernization of some of the major ideas of unilineal evolution that emphasize the progress of societies, and the importance of advacing general theories to explain cultural development
Term
participant observation
Definition
study of people by observing and interacting with them while being directly involved in their life and activities
Term
postmodernism
Definition
rejects the very idea of a science of culture. Science is seen as a western tool of domination and oppression that is bound to Western culture
Term
symbolic
Definition
involving representations; visible things that stand for ideas and thus convey meaning
Term
unilineal evolution
Definition
all cultures develop from lower to higher through the same stages in the same order
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