Term
Culture can be defined as:
a. a set of ideas and meanings which people use based on the past and by which they construct the present.
b. the means by which human beings adapt to their environment
c. a body of learned, symbolic behavior that is trans |
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Term
All cultures change:
a. in spurts
b. consistently through time
c. very rarely
d. never |
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Term
Anthropology can be best described as:
a. the study of one culture’s behavior and customs in order to create an interesting research project
b. the study of the history of the human species
c. the study of the human condition and comparison of cultu |
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Term
Culture is learned and acquired by infants through the process of:
a. enculturation
b. acculturation
c. deculturation
d. encoding |
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Term
Cultural relativism is:
a. the theory that everybody is somehow related
b. the idea that anything a culture devises is adaptive, sound and a good idea
c. the intellectual perspective that cultural solutions to life problems are equally valid and adh |
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Term
Symbolic anthropology:
a. studies similar symbols in different cultures in order to prove that all symbols have some form of universal meaning
b. studies historical texts to uncover the truth of cultural evolution
c. sees culture as a set of symbols |
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Term
Which of the following groups was NOT used in the Faces of Culture film series viewed in class?
a. Mendi
b. Yanomamo
c. Kapeli
d. Iroquois |
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Definition
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Term
Cultural anthropologists use a variety of methods but usually rely most on:
a. archival or library research of data on the group or phenomenon under study
b. laboratory research
c. participant observation normally over long periods of time
d. ques |
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Term
A person who applies their own cultural values in judging the behavior and beliefs of people raised in other cultures is known as:
a. cultural relativist
b. ethnocentric
c. egocentric
d. a cultural universalist |
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Definition
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Term
For most of human history, human beings have exploited the environment through:
a. hunting and gathering
b. horticulture
c. slash and burn agriculture
d. industrialization |
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Definition
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Term
In the Faces of Culture film series viewed in class the ________ represent a hunting and gathering society and the ________ represent a horticultural society.
a. Mendi, Kapeli
b. Kung! San, Mendi
c. Kung! San, Inuit
d. Nuer, Kapeli |
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Term
The term “political economy” refers to the fact that:
a. politics always involves management or manipulation of important economic resources
b. states shouldnot interfere in the laissez-faire nature of market economies
c. business leaders always con |
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Definition
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Term
States differ most significantly from band, Big Man, and chieftanship types of organization in that:
a. states have rulers with power and authority
b. states exhibit social stratification
c. states are organized based on territorial rather than kins |
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Definition
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Term
Political organization can be best defined as:
a. a system of social organization with rules
b. a system of government based on more than one political party
c. a system of leadership, authority and cooperation
d. a system of politics supported by |
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Term
An example of a _________ was seen through the story of Rimpochet.
a. dictatorship
b. hereditary chief
c. monarchy
d. theocracy |
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Definition
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Term
According to the Faces of Culture film series, one group in the U.S. who has managed to retain their culture over two centuries with little to no influence from the larger US culture is:
a. Senghalese
b. Amish
c. Mormons
d. Inuit |
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Term
The relationship between the meaning of a symbol and the thing symbolized is:
a. universally determined
b. culturally determined
c. unconsciously determined
d. environmentally determined |
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Definition
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Term
When sets of symbols are adopted from one culture to another, they are generally:
a. misunderstood so they shouldn’t be allowed to be adopted
b. lost on people incapable of understanding them
c. transformed to fit into already existing symbolic syst |
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Term
Religion can be distinguished from other areas of culture in that:
a. it is the province of specialist practitioners
b. it employs symbols to produce emotional responses
c. it involves belief in the supernatural
d. it is never practiced for materi |
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Definition
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Term
Animism is:
a. the belief in animal spirits
b. a belief system developed among the original inhabitants of the Americas
c. a belief in a separate spirit world projected onto the natural world
d. the belief that spirits can take the shape of humans |
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Definition
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Term
Magic, science and religion are similar in that all:
a. attempt to control events by exercising power
b. attempt to provide an understanding of the world as it is conceptualized within a cultural system
c. are practiced by full-time specialists
d. |
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Term
The overlaying of Catholic symbols onto existing belief systems to create a syncretic religion was most evident among the ________ in the Faces of Culture series.
a. Maya
b. Mendi
c. Mormons
d. Kepali |
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Definition
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Term
In Balinese Hinduism art and performance are used to:
a. maintain social control
b. create rituals that maintain balance
c. entertain the masses
d. express ethnic difference |
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Definition
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Term
In Balinese Hinduism the three worlds of their belief system represent:
a. heaven, earth, hell
b. overworld, earthworld, underworld
c. spirits, humans, monsters
d. gods, humans, demons |
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Definition
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Term
Magic is said to:
a. determine cause through interaction with the supernatural world
b. practiced by societies without a history of scientific exploration
c. compel or manipulate the supernatural through specific acts for specific goals
d. promote |
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Definition
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Term
Shamans are:
a. part-time religious specialists who use their powers to diagnose, cure, and sometimes cause illness
b. part-time religious specialists who exist only among groups in Latin America
c. full-time religious specialists employed by the go |
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Definition
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Term
The fundamental organizing principle in small-scale societies is:
a. accumulation of wealth
b. ties of kinship
c. religious ritual
d. territoriality |
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Definition
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Term
Bride service refers to:
a. the ceremony incorporating a newly married woman into her husband’s patrilineage
b. the obligations of a newly married woman to her husband’s family
c. obligations of a newly married man to his wife and children
d. labo |
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Definition
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Term
In the Faces of Culture film series, polygyny was discussed as a part of the culture of ________.
a. Mendi
b. Maya
c. Balinese
d. Inuit |
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Definition
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Term
Clans have which of the following features?:
a. members claim descent from a common ancestor
b. they are most often exogamous
c. members typically hold land or other
property in common
d. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Generally speaking Rites of Passage are:
a. rituals performed before getting on boats by the Trobriand Islanders
b. only performed by males among the Mendi
c. only performed by females among the Mendi
d. are the group rituals performed when indivi |
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Definition
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Term
Myths relate to events said to occur:
a. in an indeterminate time
b. in an era just before writing
c. in the remote past
d. during the time of the Ancient Greeks |
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Definition
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Term
Folktales are typically concerned with:
a. establishing political claims to territory
b. the origin of things
c. the consequences of immoral behavior
d. none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Intensification of horticultural techniques is likely to be accompanied by:
a. the development of systems of land ownership
b. increased population density
c. competition for good land
d. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Nomadic pastoralists such as the Kurds of the mountainous region in the Arab world:
a. are usually economically self sufficient
b. usually raise garden crops to supplement the output of their herd animals
c. often depend on neighboring farmers for p |
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Definition
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Term
In exchange systems, which of the following seems to be nearly universally true?
a. the giving of a gift requires reciprocation with an identical gift immediately
b. reciprocation involves an underlying sense of competition and commitment
c. it is b |
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Definition
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Term
An example of sustained balanced reciprocity is that of:
a. kula trade in the Trobrian Islands
b. trade relationships between the Lese and Efe
c. pooled household budgeting as evident among the women of Ghana
d. none of the above |
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Definition
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Term
A gift that is given with absolutely no though of return is:
a. called balance reciprocity
b. called a “pure” gift
c. the most common form of exchange in all modes of production
d. called negative reciprocity |
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Definition
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Term
Reciprocal gift exchange systems:
a. involve two sides continually exchanging services with one another
b. are also known as barter economies
c. involve the trade of wives for material objects
d. can be seen in the use of money in lieu of actual o |
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Definition
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Term
According to Marcel Mauss and many other anthropologists, gift-giving is:
a. an altruistic act
b. a social interaction intended to produce long-term ties between giver and receiver
c. an art form that few master but which is crucial to economic grow |
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Definition
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Term
The term “dadi” refers to:
a. male drinking friends in rural Mexico
b. the largest ethnic group in China
c. grandmother in India
d. the warrior males among the Yanomami |
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Definition
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Term
Culture change occurs through:
a. innovation
b. invention
c. diffusion
d. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
Diffusion is also known as:
a. gradual change through invention
b. cultural borrowing
c. crucial to demands for change
d. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The Green Revolution’s dismal failure in Bali was a result of:
a. a lack of training among the Balinese
b. the use of the ritual calendar along with new technology
c. the negation of existing knowledge resources among the Balinese
d. a lack of fun |
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Definition
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Term
The loss of foraging land to white farmers, creation of new borders that split existing clans, and the denial of water to the people in favor of the animals in a preserve that has devastated this ethnic group was evident among the:
a. Mendi
b. Yanomam |
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Definition
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Term
The anthropologist Steve Lansing has helped restore balance in Balinese farming through the introduction of ____________.
a. computers
b. fertilizers and pesticides
c. contracts with US agricultural agencies
d. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
An example of Catholic syncretism among the Mixtec of Mexico as discussed in class was:
a. the use of the cross as a marker for the cardinal directions as well as Christianity
b. the ritual sacrifice of 80 roosters, and one duck, representing the behe |
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Definition
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Term
| The destruction of the ____________ through the discovery of gold that resulted in the poisoning of the rivers with mercury, the loss of tribal lands, and the dependency on miners for food, machetes, and other resources was discussed by the anthropologist |
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Definition
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Term
A headman such as seen among the Mendi of Papau New Guinea, may lose his position of leadership if:
a. he is no longer trusted to provide leadership
b. a competitor attracts a larger following
c. his oratorical skills diminish
d. all of the above |
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Definition
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Term
The panchayat is:
a. the term used for a group of elders, usually male, who settle disputes among some groups in Nepal and India
b. a form of irrigation crucial to the Balinese ritual calendar
c. the tool used by the Mendi to slaughter their pigs an |
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Definition
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Term
Among the Mendi, women are prized for their:
a. beauty
b. skill with pigs and sweet potatoes
c. skill at brewing beer
d. reproductive capabilities |
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