Term
| What is Multicultural Counseling? |
|
Definition
| Multicultural counseling and therapy can be defined as both a helping role and process that uses modalities and defines goals consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of clients, recognizes client identities to include individual, group, and universal dimensions, advocates the use of universal and culture-specific strategies and roles in the healing process, and balances the importance of individualism and collectivism in the assessment diagnosis and treatment of client and client systems |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 multicultural themes? |
|
Definition
1.Cultural Universality .vs. Cultural Relativism, Etic (universal) .vs. Emic (specific)
2.Emotional Consequences of “Race” - race is a hot topic that is not easy to communicate so people try to avoid it.
3.The Inclusive or Exclusive Nature of Multiculturalism
4.The Sociopolitical Nature of Counseling/Therapy
5.The Nature of Multicultural Counseling Competence, Is good counseling really good counseling? Mental health professional’s idea of good counseling used the white euro American norms that exclude three quarters of the population. |
|
|
Term
| Tripartite Framework for Understanding the Mulitple Dimensions of Identity |
|
Definition
1. Individual level: all individuals are in some respects like no other individual
2. Group level: all individuals are in some respects like some other individuals
3. Universal level: all individuals are in some repects like all other individuals |
|
|
Term
| Qualities of a Comptent Counselor |
|
Definition
1. actively becomes aware of his/her own beliefs, bias, limitations, behavior, etc
2. actively tries to understand the worldview of the culturally different client
3. actively develops, and practices strategies and skills to deal with their culturally different client |
|
|
Term
| What is cultural competence? |
|
Definition
| the ability to engage in actions or create conditions that maximize the optimal development of client and client systems. MCT competence is defined as the counselor’s acquisition of awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic democratic society (ability to communicate, interact, negotiate, and intervene on behalf of clients from diverse backgrounds), and on a organizational /societal level, advocating to develop new theories, practices, policies, and organizational structures that are more responsive to all groups. CC can be seen as residing in three major domains |
|
|
Term
| Attributes of Cultural Competence |
|
Definition
1. attitudes/ beliefs components – an understanding of one owns cultural conditioning that affects the personal beliefs, values, and attitudes of a culturally diverse population
2. Knowledge component – understanding and knowledge of the worldviews of culturally diverse individuals and groups
3. skills component – an ability to determine and use culturally appropriate intervention strategies when working with different groups in our society |
|
|
Term
| Multidimensional Model of Cultural Competence in Counseling (MDCC) |
|
Definition
The model implements a) the need to consider specific cultural group worldviews associated with race, gender, etc b) components of CC and c) foci of CC.
Dimension I: Group Specific Worldviews
Race, gender, and sexual orientation
Dimension II: Components of CC
Awareness, knowledge, and skills
Dimension III: Foci of therapeutic interventions
Individual, professional, organizational, and societal
Focus 1: Individual – must deal with your own bias, prejudice, etc; positive changes must occur toward you feeling of multicultural populations
Focus 2: Professional – our education and training is centered on the western white-euro-American view, it must to changed to reflect the worldview
Focus 3: Organizational – policies practices and structures that are oppressive to the culture must be the target of change
Focus 4: Societal – advocate for change of inequalities like racial profiling, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the thing that at that moment is the most important, right on the mark point.
Do any of the many cultures that a person has mixed within them become salient during therapy? Do the salience shift during therapy or change from section to section. What issue needs to be the salient one in that therapy section. |
|
|
Term
| Mental Health Implications |
|
Definition
• Being confronted with different worldviews, values, and lifestyles is inescapable
• They will need to acquire, understand, and develop new culturally effective helping approaches
• They need to adopt ethnical guidelines, codes of ethnics standards of practice, and by-laws that are multicultural in scope
• Psychology’s theories and practices are not apolitical and value-free
• Counselors and psychologists may be prisoners of their own cultural conditionings |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the assumptions that racial and ethnic minorities never had counseling and psychotherapy until it was invented and institutionalized in western culture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Gilbert Wrenn, 1962
a) The substitution of modal stereotypes for the real world
b) The disregarding of cultural variations in a dogmatic adherence to some universal notion of truth
c) The use of a technique-oriented definition of the counseling process |
|
|
Term
| When diagnosis become a label what are the consequences? |
|
Definition
• People may interpret all activities of the affected individual as pathological
• A diagnosis may cause others to treat individuals differently even when they may be normal
• A diagnosis may cause labeled individuals to believe that they possess such characteristics all of the time |
|
|
Term
Genetically Defiecient Model
The Culturally Defiecient Model
The Culturally Diverse Model |
|
Definition
1. portrays culturally diverse individuals as deficient in certain desirable attributes ex: intelligence
2. instead of biological conditions that cause differences, the blame shifts to the lifestyles and values of various ethnic groups ex: low ses, absence of male role models, education, etc
3.minorities should no longer be viewed as deficient, but rather as culturally diverse |
|
|
Term
| Social Implications of Diversification in the United States |
|
Definition
1. 75% of those entering the workforce are minorites and women
2. by the time the baby boomers retire the majority of the laborers contributing to their pension plans will be minorities
3. the business workforce must be able to remain diverse and appeal to consumers of color
4. students of color are 45% of the public school population
5. the diversity index of the US is 49
6. the changing demographic are uneven and have differential effects on different parts of the country |
|
|
Term
| Ethnocentric Monoculturalism |
|
Definition
1. Belief in ones superiority (determined by ones culture) White Privilege
2. Belief in the inferiority of others (lifestyles, culture, traditions, language)
3. The power to impose standards (the majority can impose the standards on others)
To be a minority group the group must lack power. Minority is not due to numbers. Women are 51% of the population but still a minority.
4. Ethnocentric values and beliefs manifested in institutions – systemic racism
Recently it had been decided that you couldn’t put any negative stereotypes in text books. Glass ceiling effect
5. Everyone shares similar conceptions of “reality and truth” |
|
|
Term
| Credibility, Expertness and Trustworthiness |
|
Definition
Credibility – characteristics that make counselors appear, capable, reliable, and trustworthy: warmth, genuineness, congruence, respect, accurate empathy
Expertness – clients’ belief that counselor have the necessary knowledge, skills, experience, training, and tools to help them
Trustworthiness – encompasses factors such as sincerity, openness, honestly, or perceived lack of motivation for a personal gain |
|
|
Term
| Client's Psychological Framework |
|
Definition
1. Problem solving information orientation – clients are concerned about obtaining correct information that has adaptive value in the real world
2. Consistency – clients operate from this framework when they change an opinion belief or behavior to make it consistent with others’ opinions, beliefs, or behaviors
3. Identity – individuals’ desire to be similar to the people or groups they hold in high esteem
4. Economic – individuals are influenced by perceived rewards and punishments
5. Authority – individuals feel that they hold positions of power that grant them legitimate rights to prescribe attitudes and/or behaviors |
|
|
