monocytes, mΦ, DCs, Ts, Bs, NKs, vascular epithelium

• fever, acute phase response, stimulation of neutrophil production

Ts

• stimulates growth and differentiation of Ts, Bs, and NKs

mast cells, Ts, bone marrow stromal cells

• growth and development of Bs and Ts
• T_H2 differentiation
• class switch to IgE

mast cells, Ts, eosinophils

• induces eosinophil formation and differentiation

Ts, Bs, mΦ,bm stromal cells

• along with TNFβ, promotes T_H17 development
• proinflammatory cytokine produced by T_H17s

bm stromal cells, thymic stromal cells, spleen cells

• growth factor for T and B cell progenitors
• receptor mutation leads to X-linked SCID

monocytes, lymphocytes, granulocytes

• chemoattractant and activator of neutrophils
• also attracts basophils and some subpopulations of lymphocytes
• has angiogenic activity

activated subsets of CD4⁺ or CD8⁺ Ts

• produced by Tregs to negatively regulate immune responses
• in cooperation with TGF-β, stimulates IgA synthesis and secretion by Bs
• antagonizes generation of T_H1s

mΦ and DCs

• induces differentiation of T_H1a
• induces IFN-γ production by Ts and NKs and enhances NK activity

T_H17

• proinflammatory cytokine produced by T_H17

bm stromal cells and mΦ

• essential for growth and differentiation of neutrophils

Ts, mΦ, fibroblasts, endothelial cells

• growth factor for hematopoietic cells and differentiation factor for granulocyte and monocyte lineages

lymphocytes, monocytes, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, + others

• growth, differentiation, surrvival factor for mΦ progenitors and mΦ

lymphocytes, DC, mΦ, fibroblasts

• induces resistance to viruses and inhibits cell proliferation
• regulates expression of MHC I

CD4⁺, CD8⁺ Ts, NKs

• affects activation, growth, and differentiation of Ts, Bs, mΦ, and NKs
• up-regs MHC expression on APCs
• signature cytokine of T_H1 differentiation
• weak anti-viral and anti-proliferative properties
• stimulates class switch to IgG2a

monocytes, mΦ, activated Ts, NKs, neutrophils, fibroblasts

• strong pro-inflammatory mediatory
• promotes angiogenesis, bone resorption, and thrombotic processes

activated Ts, Bs,

• stimulates class switch to IgA
• protomtes Treg development
• along with IL-6, induces T_H17 differentiation
• anti-angiogenic
• induces terminal differentiation of monocytes
• stimulates neutrophil production of ROS, increases phagocytosis and enhances adhesion

Ts, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes

• Attracts T cells, eosinophils, and basophils to inflammatory sites

• promote wound healing and angiogenesis