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| where food and air passages cross |
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| enzyme in saliva which hyrdrolyzes starch to maltose (disaccharide) |
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| specialized epithelial cells that secrete mucus |
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| churning produces acidic semi-fluid mixture called chyme; secretes pepsin and HCl (activates certain proteins and kills bacteria) |
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| protein hydrolyzing enzyme; secreted by chief cells |
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| secrete HCL, intrinsic factor (B-12 absorption) |
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| hormone made by cells of duodenum, stimulates bile release |
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| produced in the duodenum; inhibits stomach gland secretion and slows stomach’s muscular movement when fatty food is in the intestine (more time for digestion) |
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| secrete the hormone gastrin which stimulate the HCL production of parietal cells; innervated by vagus nerve, found w/i gastric glands of stomach |
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| protects stomach from acidic environment (pH = 2) |
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chemical digestion completed here; duodenum, jejunum, ileum; villi are used for absorption (contain capillaries and lacteals) / active absorption (glucose, AA) and passive
• Most digestion done in duodenum – secretes secretin which causes pancreas to secrete buffer (HCO3- )0 secretions of intestinal glands, pancreas, liver and gall bladder mix
• Intestinal mucosa secretes lipases (fat digestion), aminopeptidases (polypeptide digestion), and disacchiridases (breakdown of maltose, lactose, sucrose)
• Portal vein – directs glucose and other monosaccharides to the liver from the intestinal tract |
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| albumin synthesis, bile production, destruction of worn-out old red blood cells, converts nitrogenous waste into urea, glycogen storage |
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| emulsifies fat; contains no enzymes; exposes greater surface area of fat to lipases |
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produces amylase (carb digestion), trypsin (protein digestion), and lipase (fat digestion); secretes BICARBONATE juice that neutralizes chime
• Endocrine pancreas – glucagon, insulin, and somatostatin |
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functions in absorption of salts/ water not absorbed by small intestine
• Bacteria in large intestine = main source of vitamin K. |
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