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| consists of several dendrites, single axon and cell body |
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| – receive information and transfer it TO CELL body |
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Definition
| – transfers impulses AWAY from cell body |
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Definition
produce myelin
• Oligodendrocytes – produce myelin in CNS
• Schwann – produce myelin in PNS
** At rest neuron is polarized (-70 mV)
** Concentration of K+ higher INSIDE cell // Na+ higher OUTSIDE cell |
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Definition
| level at which action potential is initiated (-50 mV) |
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Definition
| voltage-gated Na+ channels open allowing Na+ to rush in |
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Definition
voltage-gated K+ channels open so K+ rush out; more negative potential; K+ channels are slow and stay open longer; once cell is repolarized, K+ leak channels open
**Greater diameter & more heavily myelinated axons will propagate faster impulses
** Synaptic vesicles fuse w/ presynaptic membrane => neurotransmitter => postsynaptic
** Neurotransmitter may be taken back into nerve terminal, degraded by enzymes in synapse, or diffuse out of the synapse |
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Definition
| primary neurotransmitter of parasympathetic NS; excitatory and inhibitory on muscles and glands |
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Definition
| primary neurotransmitter of sympathetic NS |
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Definition
| carry SENSORY info about enviro TO brain (from A to B / Aff => brain) |
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Definition
| MOTOR commands from BRAIN to BODY |
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Definition
| consists of the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
| grey matter (cell bodies) and inner white matter (axons); forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain |
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Definition
| contains cerebral cortex (processes sensory input / imp for memory and creative thought), olfactory bulb, thalamus (relax for cerebral cortex / spinal cord), hypothalamus (water balance, blood pressure, and temp regulation) |
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Definition
| visual/ auditory impulses; motor control |
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Definition
| posterior part of brain; cerebellum (maintenance of balance, hand-eye coord, timing of rapid movements), pons (relay center to allow communication b/w cortex and cerebellum), medulla (breathing, heart rate, gastrointestinal activity) |
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Term
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Definition
– somatic and autonomic nervous systems
• Somatic – responsible for VOLUNTARY movement
• Autonomic – involuntary movement; innervates cardiac and smooth muscle
o Sympathetic – fight or flight (higher BP and HR)
o Parasympathetic – rest and digest (lower HR / increased gut motility) |
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Definition
(focuses light) => pupil (diameter controlled by iris {pigmented}) => lens (controlled by cilliary muscles) => retina
** myopia – nearsightedness |
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Definition
outer, middle and inner ear; transduces sound energy into impulses
• Outer ear – auricle and auditory canal
• Middle ear – amplifies sound; tympanic membrane (eardrum) vibrates at same frequency as incoming sound => ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes)
• Inner Ear – vestibular apparatus (equilibrium) and cochlea (vibration of ossicles ecert pressure on fluid stimulating hair cells in basilar membrane => action potential) |
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