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Day 6
n/a
12
Anthropology
Undergraduate 1
09/19/2011

Additional Anthropology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

o   2types of dna

 

Definition

 

§  Mitochondrial DNA

 

§  DNA

 

Term

 

§  PROKARYOTE

 

Definition

 

·         CELLS without a nucleus, simple

 

Term
 EUKARYOTE
Definition

 

·         CELLS with a nucleus

 

Term
building blocks of cells
Definition

 

§  Carbohydrates

 

§  Fats

 

§  Proteins

 

§  Nucleic acids-

·         RNA and DNA

 

 

 

Term

 

o   Somatic Cells

 

Definition

 

Replicate themselves through simple cell division or mitosis

 

 

Term
o Gametes
Definition

 

§  Sex cells

 

§  Meiosis

 

§  Sperm and ova = zygote -> fetus -> neonate

 

Term

 

o   DNA made of nucleotides, sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base.

 

Definition

 

§  Adenine – Thymine

 

§  Guanine – Cytocine

 

Term
o Mitosis
Definition

 

§  Non-sex cells

 

§  Interphase – DNA is replicating

 

·         At end of interphase we have 2x as much DNA as necessary

 

§  Prophase – nuclear membrane dissolves

 

§  Metaphase – chromosomes will align in the center

 

§  Anaphase – chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

 

§  Telophase – cell membrane pinches together, membrane starts to form but not completely.

 

§  Cytokinesis – end of mitosis, and nucleus reforms.

 

Term

 

o   MEIOSIS

 

Definition

Same as mitosis = 1st round

 

2nd round

 

= prophase II we see the disappearance of the nucleoli and the nuclear envelope again as well as the shortening and thickening of the chromatids. Centrioles move to the polar regions and arrange spindle fibers for the second meiotic division.[citation needed]

In metaphase II, the centromeres contain two kinetochores that attach to spindle fibers from the centrosomes (centrioles) at each pole. The new equatorial metaphase plate is rotated by 90 degrees when compared to meiosis I, perpendicular to the previous plate[citation needed].

This is followed by anaphase II, where the centromeres are cleaved, allowing microtubules attached to the kinetochores to pull the sister chromatids apart. The sister chromatids by convention are now called sister chromosomes as they move toward opposing poles.[citation needed]

The process ends with telophase II, which is similar to telophase I, and is marked by uncoiling and lengthening of the chromosomes and the disappearance of the spindle. Nuclear envelopes reform and cleavage or cell wall formation eventually produces a total of four daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes. Meiosis is now complete and ends up with four new daughter cells.

Term

 

§  OVA

 

Definition

 

·         2million cells

 

·         Over time less and less ova

 

·         A lot of cytoplasm, and within those cytoplasm there are mitochondria DNA

 

Term
 SPERM
Definition

 

·         Decreased/not as effective over time

 

Term

 

·         New combinations of alleles

 

Definition

 

o   By fact of including 2 indep  in process

 

o   Crossover (more DNA from one parent)

 

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