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| A Greek concept of love. Selfless love. This kind of love is similar to generosity and charity. |
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| People rate responsibility as the most important skill, followed by physical attractiveness, sexual skill, and status or popularity. Women place relatively greater emphasis on reponsibility. Men place relatively greater emphasis on physical attractiveness. In selecting a short-term partner, women rate physical attractiveness as more important than men. |
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| Attraction-similarity hypothesis |
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| The concept that people tend to develop romantic relationships with people who are similar to themselves in factors such as level of physical attractiveness, cultural background, personality traits, and interests. Opposites do not attract. Women place greater weight on similar attitudes as determinants of attraction. Men place greater weight on physical attractiveness. We tend to assume people we find attractive share our attitudes. Similarity may be important in determining initial attraction; compatibility appears to be a sttonger predictor of maintaining an intimate relationship. |
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| From University of Windsor. In 2000, did a study of gay and bisexual men in three Ontario cities. Found widespread acknowledgement of the ideal of youthfulness in the gay community. Men who preferred partners to be older than they were noted they sometimes faced ridicule as a result. |
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| Some researchers focus on the bodily changes that occur when we experience feelings of romantic love, such as neural pathways, brain chemistry, and hormones. |
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| Reviewed survey evidence for preferred age differences between individuals and their mates. In every culture, men wanted mates to be younger, and women preferred mates who were older. Men placed greater value on partner's "good looks". Both genders placed greater emphasis on other qualities such as being "kind", "understanding", and "intelligent". These all rated higher than characteristics emphasizing power or physical attractiveness. |
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| In 2001, conducted an internet study in which they posted various women's body shapes and asked lesbian and bisexual women to indicate which they found most sexually attractive. Respondents, like heterosexual men and women, found women with a 0.7 waist-to-hip ratio most attractive. |
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| A kind of love proposed in Sternbergs triangular theory of love. Dedication to maintaining a relationship through good times and bad. |
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| According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, a relationship consisting of intimacy and commitment. Long-term committed friendship such as marriage in which the passion has faded. |
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| According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, a relationship consisting of intimacy, passion, and commitment. A complete love consisting of all three components. An ideal that is difficult to attain. |
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| Ellen Berscheid and Elaine Hatfield |
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| In 2011, defined romantic love in terms of a state of intense physiological arousal (sweaty palms, racing heart) and the cognitive apraisal of that arousal as love. Said that liking can develop into passionate love, or into more committed forms of friendship called companionate love. |
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| According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, a relationship consisting of commitment alone. Decision to love each other without intimacy or passion. |
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| A Greek concept of love. The kind of love that is closest to our modern-day concept of passion. |
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| Some evolutionary psychologists believe evolutionary forces favour the continuation of gender differences in mate preference because these traits offer reproductive advantages. A woman's reproductive value would be tied to youth and health. A man's reproductive value might depend on his ability to provide for his family. Critics suggest that gender differences in mate preferences are maintained by male-dominated social structures. As cultures develop higher levels of gender equality, male and female standards of attractiveness will gradually change. Some of these changes are occurring already. |
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| According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, a relationship consisting of passion and commitment. Commitment is based on passion, but without time for intimacy to develop. Shallow relationships such as whirlwind courtships. |
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| An anthropologist interested in the biological and evolutionary foundations for love. Did a TED talk about love and cheating. |
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| Passion. A state of intense absorption in or focus on another person, usually accompanied by sexual desire, elation, and general physical aroual or excitement. Difficult to distinguish from romantic love during the first month or two of a relationship. As partners begin to view each other more realistically, they are better able to determine if a relationship should continue. Based on intense feelings of passion, not deeper attachment and caring that typifies a more lasting mutual love. Can lead to a more lasting love relationship, but is not necessarily a precursor. Sometimes one partner experiences infatuation and the other does not. According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, a relationship consisting of passion alone. Passionate, obsessive love at first sight without intimacy or commitment. |
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| A kind of love proposed in Sternberg's triangular theory of love. The experience of warmth towards another person that arises from feelings of closeness, bondedness, and connectedness. Includes the desire to give and receive emotional support and to share one's innermost thoughts. |
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| From McMaster University. Conducted a study that found that women have a slight preference for lower pitched voices both for short and long-term relationships. Women also equated lower voices with infidelity. |
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| From University of Ottawa. Doing work on definitions in casual relationships. |
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| Katarzyna Pisanski and David Feinberg |
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| From McMaster University. In 2013, reviewed research investigating cultural differences in mate preferences. Concluded that there are notable cultural differences in both men's and women's preferences in opposite gender partners. Suggests that North American, European, and Japanese men preferred women who are thinner than average, while men in South America and Africa generally preferred women who are comparatively heavier. |
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| According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, a relationship consisting of intimacy alone. True friends without passion or long-term commitment. |
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| The concept of love must be understood within a cultural context. Can be traced to the classical age of Greece, where the Greeks distinguished it in four concepts: storge, agape, philia, and eros. People who feel loved have better health than those who do not. |
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| A kind of love proposed in Sternberg's triangular theory of love. An intense romantic or sexual desire for another person accompanied by physiological arousal. |
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| A Greek concept of love. Love between friends. This kind of love is based on liking and respect rather than sexual desire. |
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| A major determinant of interpersonal and sexual attractiveness. Some contend that it is the key factor in consideration for partners for dates, sex, and long-term relationships. What is considered attractive varies by culture. In general, women consider taller men to be more attractive. Thinness is valued in North American culture. The hourglass figure is popular in Canada and in most other cultures; varies by sexual orientation. What is considered attractive to women, and how attractive women are perceived, varies across the menstrual cycle. People who are attractive know it. How beautiful we find a partner is likely to be enhanced by traits such as familiarity, liking, respect, and shared values and goals. Gender role, orientation, and expectations affect perceptions of attractiveness. |
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Proximity
A reason that we have partners from our own background. Relationships are made in the neighborhood. We live near people who are similar to ourselves. We are drawn to people whose attitudes are similar to our own; often people from similar backgrounds share similar attitudes. |
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| Researchers from Queens University and University of Victoria. Tested the hypothesis that women who were more open to short-term sexual relationships would be more likely to prefer highly masculine male faces and bodies. Concluded that women associated higher levels of masculinity with healthier genes. |
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Mutual exchange
When we feel admired and complimented, we tend to return these feelings and behaviours. A potent determinant of attraction. May enable many couples to become happy with one another. Can stroke neutral or mild feelings of robust, affirmative feelings of attraction. |
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| A psychologist. In 1988, developed the Sternberg's triangular theory of love. Said that liking can develop into passionate love, or into more committed forms of friendship called companionate love. |
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| Love characterized by feelings of passion and intimacy. Defined by Ellen Berscheid and Elaine Hatfield as a state of intense physiological arousal and the cognitive appraisal of that arousal as love. Western culture idealizes the concept, as represented by fairy tales. In adolescence, strong sexual arousal and idealized images of the objects of our desire lead us to label our feelings as "love". Being "in love" ennobles sexual attraction and sexual arousal. Most people in Canada believe romantic love is a prerequisite for marriage. About a half of Canadians believe in love at first sight. When fulfilled, romantic love is usually a source of deep fulfillment and ecstasy. When unrequited, it can lead to emptiness, anxiety, and despair. The perception of falling in love requires: state of arousal in connection with love object, cultural setting which idealizes romantic love, and attribution of arousal to feelings of love. According to Sternberg's triangular theory of love, a relationship consisting of intimacy and passion. Lovers are physically and emotionally attracted to each other, but without commitment. |
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| Studies examining speed-dating and partner preferences found that women in more competitive environments are less selective in partner preferences, and a person's beliefs about their preferences may not predict who they actually become attracted to or pursue a relationship with. |
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| Sternberg's triangular theory of love |
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| Developed by Robert Sternberg. A triangular theory that organizes the relationships among the different kinds of love discussed by many theorists. Three components of love are: intimay, passion, and commitment. Love is conceptualized as a triangle, with each vertex representing one of these basic elements. The way the components are balanced can be represented by the shape of the triangle. Couples are well-matched if their triangles are congruent. Various combinations of the three components of love characterize six different types of love relationships: liking, empty love, infatuation, romantic love, companionate love, fatuous love, and consummate love. |
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| A Greek concept of love. Loving attachment and nonsexual affection. This is the type of emotion that binds parents to children. |
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| In 1986, found some interesting gender differences. University men were found to be significantly more likely to develop game-playing and romantic love styles, and women are more apt to develop friendly, logical, and possessive love styles. In 2002, spoke of love as a positive emotion that contributes to happiness, psychological well-being, and optimism about the future. In 2003, developed the Love Attitudes Scale that suggests the existence of six styles of love: romantic love, game-playing love, friendship, logical love, possessive or excited love, and selfless love. Found that romantically involved couples tend to experience the same love styles. Said that liking can develop into passionate love, or into more committed forms of friendship called companionate love. |
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| In 2013, studied white British men's breast size preferences. Found that 24% preferred small breasts, 33% medium, 24% large, and 19% very large. Found that male preferences for larger sized breasts was associated with certain sexist attitudes such as the idealization of traditionally feminine women and greater objectification of women's bodies. |
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