Term
| Basic emotions (definition and examples) |
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Definition
Experienced by people worldwide, and each consists of three elements, a subjective feeling, a physiological change, and an overt behavior.
-happiness, anger, surprise, interest, disgust, sadness, and fear |
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-first appear 2-3 months
-infants smile when they see another person |
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| something an outsider can observe, such as a facial expression |
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-infants become wary in the presence of an unfamiliar adult
-emerges at ~ 6 months
- when stranger approaches--look away and begin to fuss
-how wary depends on number of factors
-less fearful if in familiar environment
- stranger's behavior
-Adaptive: emerge around time creeping and crawling, therefore acts as natural restraint against tendency to wander |
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-A.K.A. "complex emotions"
-involve feelings of success when one's standards or expectations are met and feelings of failure when they aren't
-pride, shame, guilt, embarrassment
-emerge around 18-24 months (because require some understanding of the self--15-18 months) |
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-culturally specific standards for appropriate expressions of emotion in a particular setting or with a particular person(s).
Ex: funeral: sadness appropriate; happiness is not. |
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| behavioral styles that are fairly stable across situations and are biologically based |
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-Pioneered study of temperament
-New York Longitudinal Study
-9 temperamental dimensions
-3 patterns of temperament (Easy, Difficult, and slow-to-warm-up) |
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| Mary Rothbart's 3 different dimensions |
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Definition
1) Surgency/ extraversion
2) Negative affect
3) Effortful control |
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| the extent to which a child is generally happy, active, vocal, and regularly seeks interesting stimulation |
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| refers to the extent to which a child is angry, fearful, frustrated, shy, and not easily soothed. If high on this dimension= experience new situations intensely, hard to calm down. |
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| refers to the extent to which a child can focus attention, is not readily distracted, and can inhibit responses |
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| many human behaviors represent successful adaptation to the environment |
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set of expectations about caregivers' availability and responsiveness, generally and in times of stress
-like schema but for relationships
-idea proposed by John Bowlby |
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an enduring social-emotional relationship to an adult
-strong emotional relationship with a responsive caring person |
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| Names of Bowlby's four phases of development of attachment |
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Definition
1) Preattachment
2) Attachment in the making
3) True attachment
4) Reciprocal Relationships |
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- Mary Ainsworth
- Based on series of separation and reunion
- Gold standard for assessing attachment in young children
- Looking at how does baby act w/ mom in room; how does baby react when left alone |
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