Term
| Second Generation Sulfonylureas |
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Definition
| Insulin secretagogues; increase basal and meal-stimulated insulin secretion |
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Term
| Meglitinides/Phenylalanines |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Improves insulin sensitivity by reducing insulin resistance: decreases hepatic glucose production, increases skeletal muscle glucose uptake, decreases intestinal absorption of glucose |
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Term
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Definition
| Directly reduces insulin resistance by activating PPAR-gamma nuclear receptors; increases glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and fat cells, lower hepatic glucose output |
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Term
| alpha-glucosidase inhibitors |
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Definition
| inhibit membrane-bound alpha-glucosidase enzymes in small intestine; decrease glucose absorption from intestine, reducing postprandial hyperglycemia |
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Term
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Definition
| lowers LDL cholesterol, lowers A1C by about 0.5% |
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Term
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Definition
| Acts on CNS to improve insulin resistance and glucose tolerance-- resets neuroendocrine rhythms. |
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Term
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Definition
| increases levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) leading to increased insulin secretion, decreased hepatic glucose produciton, and delayed gastric emptying |
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Term
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Definition
| increases glucose-dependent insulin secretion, decreases glucagon secretion, decreases hepatic glucose production, delays gastric emptying, and increases satiety |
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