Term
| components of the diencephalon? |
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Definition
- thalamus (dorsal thalamus)
- epithalamus
- subthalamus (ventral thalamus)
- hypothalamus |
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Term
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Definition
- superior: body and trigone of lateral ventricle
- rostrally: interventricular foramen of monro, anterior commissure, and lamina terminalis
- posteriorly: posterior commissure
- posterior inferior: plane from posterior commissure to caudally from mamillary bodies
- anteriorly and inferiorly: optic chiasm and median eminensce of hypothalamus |
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Term
| what functional groups are in the dorsal thalamus thalamic nuclei? |
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Definition
- sensory
- motor
- limbic
- mutlimodal
- intralaminar |
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Term
| what functional groups are in the dorsal thalamus thalamic nuclei? |
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Definition
- sensory
- motor
- limbic
- mutlimodal
- intralaminar |
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Term
| The lateral geniculate nucleus goes to the ___ cortex aka as the __ cortex. |
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Definition
- visual cortex aka calcarine cortex
L think light think vision |
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Term
| medial geniculate nucleus with thalamic nuclei go to what? |
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Definition
- auditory cortex= transverse temporal gyrus of Heschl
M think music think hearing |
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Term
| the ventral posterolateral nucleus (which as sensory thalamic nuclei in it) is located where |
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Definition
primary and secondary sensory cortices in the post central gyrus
- esthetic tracts from the body synapse here:
- lateral spinothalamic tract for pain perception and localization
- dorsal column- medial lemiscal pathway for discriminative touch and propioceptive sense perception |
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Term
| what nucleus is in the postcentral gyrus? |
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Definition
| ventral posterolateral nucleus |
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Term
| what synpases in the ventral posterolateral nucleus: |
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Definition
- lateral spinothalamic tract for pain perception and localization
- dorsal column: medial lemiscal pathway for discrimination of touch and proprioception |
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Term
| what does the lateral spinothalamic tract sense and where does it synapse? |
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Definition
- pain and localization
- ventralposterolateral nucleus in the postcentral gyrus |
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Term
| what pathway is in the dorsal column, what does it sense, and where does it synapse? |
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Definition
- medial lemniscal pathway
- discriminative touch and propioception
- synapses in the ventral posterolateral nuclei in the post central gyrus |
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Term
| the ventral posteromedial nucleus is located where? |
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Definition
| - primary and secondary sensory cortices in the post central gyrus |
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Term
| what synapses in the ventral posteromedial nucleus? |
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Definition
- Somesthetic tracts from head
- ventral trigeminalthalamic tract
- dorsal trigeminalthalamic tract |
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Term
| where is the ventral anterior nucleus? |
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Definition
- premotor cortex= Broadman's area 6 and 8
this is a thalamic nucleus |
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Term
| Ventral lateral nucleus is located: |
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Definition
- motor cortex= Broadman's area 4= precentral gyrus
this is a thalamic nucleus |
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Term
| the dorsomedial nucleus is a ___ ___ nucleus in the ____ cortex and ____. |
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Definition
limbic thalamic nucleus
- prefrontal cortex and hypothalamus |
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Term
| the anterior nucleus is in the ___ gyrus and helps form the ___ __ ____. |
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Definition
- cingulate
- circuit of Papez |
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Term
|
Definition
Anterior nuc. of thalamus => Cingulate gyrus =>
Parahippocampal gyrus => Hippocampus => Fornix =>
Mammillary bodies => Mammilothalamic tract =>
Anterior nuc. of thalamus |
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Term
| the circuit of papez provides an anatomical basis for the: |
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Definition
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Term
| The Pulvinar is a ___ ___ nuclei in what lobes? And what is its function? |
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Definition
- multimodal thalamic nuclei
- occipital, parietal, temporal, frontal
- concerned with visual function and eye movements |
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Term
| The lateral posterior nucleus is a ___ ___ nucleus located where? |
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Definition
- multimodal thalamic
- superior parietal lobe |
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Term
| the lateral dorsal nucleus is a ___ ___ nucleus located where? |
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Definition
- multimodal thalamic
- cingulate gyrus |
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Term
| The centromedian nucleus is an ____ ___ nucleus located where? |
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Definition
- intralaminar thalamic nucleus
- Neostriatum (caudate nucleus) and motor cortex |
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Term
| The parafasicular nucleus is an ____ ___ nucleus in the : |
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Definition
| - rostral and lateral frontal lobe |
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Term
| intralaminar and reticular nucleuses are ___ nucleuses. |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| project to a defined area of the cortex |
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Term
|
Definition
project to several areas
aka associative or diffuse nuclei |
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Term
|
Definition
Pineal gland
Pinealocytes
Synthesize melatonin from serotonin
Exhibits circadian rhythm – increased melatonin secretion during the night; diminished secretion with exposure to light
Habenular nuclei
Stria medullaris thalami |
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Term
| Pinealocytes produce ___ from ___ and exhibit ___ ___. |
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Definition
- melatonin from serotonin
- circadian rhythm- increased melatonin at night, decreased when light |
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Term
| Subthalamus contains what? |
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Definition
- subthalamic nucleus aka nucleus of Luys
- Prerubral field aka Field H of Forel
- Zona incerta |
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Term
| suthalamic nucleus receives input from where? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Receives input from the motor cortex
Integrates activity with the globus pallidus of the basal ganglia.
Lesions produce hemiballismus ( rapid, flailing movements of the contralateral upper extremity) |
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Term
| subthalamic nucleus integrates activity with what? |
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Definition
| - globus pallidus of the basal ganglia |
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Term
| lesions in the subthalamic nucleus produce what? |
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Definition
| - hemiballismus- rapid, flailing movements of contralateral upper extremity) |
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Term
| what is the main visceral control center of the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| the hypothalamus extends from where to where? |
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Definition
| - optic chiasm to the posterior border of the mamillary bodies |
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Term
| the ___ connects the pituitary gland, aka the ___, with the base of the hypothalamus. |
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Definition
- infundibulum
- hypophysis |
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Term
| what is known as the head ganglion of the autonomic nervous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| hypothalamus regulates the autonomic nervous system at the ___ and ___ ___ levels |
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Definition
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Term
| autonomic centers regulate? |
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Definition
- blood pressure
- heart rate
- respiratory functions
- digestive functions |
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Term
| what is the center for emotional behavior and response? |
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Definition
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Term
| what area of brain is responsible for temperature regulation? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what area of brain is responsible for food intake? |
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Definition
hpyothalamus
- feeding center
- satiety center |
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Term
| the hypothalamus regulates water balance and blood ___ by ___ and ___ hormone. |
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Definition
- osmolarity
- vasopressin
- antidiurectic hormone |
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Term
| the hypothalamus regulates are sleep wake cycles via what nucleus? |
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Definition
| suprachiasmatic nucleus= biological clock |
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Term
| hypothalamus is also in control of release and inhibition of hormones that contorl the ___ ___ gland, and it is responsible for synthesis of ___ and ___. |
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Definition
- anterior pituitary
- antidiurectic hormone
- oxytocin |
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Term
| all of hypothalamus functions: |
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Definition
Maintains bodily homeostasis by:
Regulating autonomic nervous system activity at brainstem and spinal cord levels.
Autonomic centers - regulating BP and HR, respiratory and digestive functions.
Center for emotional response and behavior
Temperature regulation
Regulating food intake
Feeding center
Satiety center
Regulating water balance and osmolality of the blood
Vasopressin/ Antidiuretic hormone
Regulating sleep-wake cycles, circadian rhythm - via the suprachiasmatic nucleus - our biological clock.
Secretion of releasing and inhibiting hormones that control the anterior pituitary gland
Synthesis of ADH (antidiuretic hormone/ vasopressin) and oxytocin |
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