Term
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Definition
Ingestion: taking food into the body
Digestion: breaking food down into small molecules
Absorption: moving food into the blood
Egestion:removal of feces from the body |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme in saliva that hydrolyzes starch and glycogen into smaller polysaccharides |
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Term
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Definition
| prevents food from entering the trachea by covering the glottis |
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Term
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Definition
oblique, circular, and longitudinal
(mechanical digesting done by these by churning the food) |
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Term
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Definition
| mixture of ingested food and digestive (gastric) juices |
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Term
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Definition
Consists of HCl and pepsin
-HCl denatures protein bonds in food and pepsin breaks down protein molecules into smaller polypeptides |
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Term
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Definition
| Secrete hydrogen and chloride ions but aren't active until they reach lumen and form HCl |
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Term
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Definition
| release pepsin: inactive form called pepsinogen but HCl converts it into pepsin by exposing active site |
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Term
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Definition
-begins in mouth with amylase and continues in small intestine
-dietary fiber broken down in by bacteria in large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| beings in stomach where pepsin breaks down prtotein, then continues in small intestine |
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Term
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Definition
-produces solution rich in bicarbonate to neutralize acidity of chyme
-trypsin and chmotrpsin - proteases |
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Term
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Definition
-mixture of substances made in the liver
-stored in gallbladder
-aids in digestion of fats and other lipids in the small intestine |
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Term
| Digestion in small intestine |
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Definition
| mostly completed in the duodenum while jejunum and ileum are mainly for nutrient absorption |
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Term
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Definition
-villi are large folds in the lining of the small intestine
-microvilli - microscopic appendages of the villi that are exposed to the intestinal lumen (aka brush border)
-both increase the surface area of the small intestine by ALOT |
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Term
| fat absorption in small intestine |
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Definition
-triglyceride becomes fatty acids and monogylcerides
-fatty acids and monoglycerides are absorbed by epithelial cells and recombined into triglycerides within those cells
-triglyc. are then coated with stuff and become too large to pass through membrane of capillary so they are transported into lacteal
-lacteal part of lymphatic system: takes fat to blood eventually |
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Term
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Definition
| capillaries from villi converge into this and this leads directly to liver |
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Term
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Definition
| insulate axon, form cell membrane, move in bloodstream as cholesterol |
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Term
| High-Density Lipoprotein and Low-Density Lipoprotein |
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Definition
HDL: good cholesterol and a high enough number will take bad cholesterol out
LDL: bad cholesterol |
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Term
| one function of the liver |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-cecum important for fermenting ingested material (like plant material)
-reabsorbs water as well by actively pumping out ions and water follows
-rectum stores feces
-colon also absorbs vitamin K produced by bacteria in colon such as e.coli |
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Term
| Three basic types of digestive systems |
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Definition
-monogastric: simple stomach
-ruminant: multi-compartmented stomach
-hind gut: simple stomach but very large and complex large intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| This specialized stomach constructed of thick, muscular walls is used for grinding up food |
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Term
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Definition
| a thin-walled expanded portion of the alimentary tract used for the storage of food prior to digestion |
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Term
| Everything about Ruminants |
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Definition
Reticulum: here microorganisms go to work on cellulose-rich meal and secretes fatty acids
Omasum: water is removed from cud
Abomasum: the true stomach
-Produce and swallow alot of salive to provide fluid environment for microorganisms
-Reuminants get energy from fatty acids produced by microorgnisms and get protein from digesting excess microorganisms |
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Term
| Foregut and Hindgut Fermenters |
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Definition
Foregut: microbes before stomach and are digested
Hindgut: microbes after stomach and NOT digested |
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