Term
| What are the 2 components of saliva and the functions od saliva? |
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Definition
Serous- water and enzymes Mucins- glycoprotiens Saliva disolves food for taste Chemically digests startch with salivary amylase moistens and compacts food into a bolus controls bacteria populations/cleans mouth. |
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Term
Name anddescribe the 3 types of salivary glands
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Definition
Parotid glands- anterior to to ear, produce serous fluid only, about 25% of saliva. Submanibular glands- on the floor of the mouth tucked into mental surface produces serous and mucins, about 70% of the saliva. Sublingual glands- superior and anterior to the submandibular just below the tongue, produce mucins only, 5% of saliva
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Term
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Definition
A viral infection in the parotid glands.
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Term
| Where is the pancrease located? |
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Definition
| extends across the abdomen deep to the greater curvature. About 6 inches long has a head, body, and tail |
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Term
| What are the cells in the pancrease and what is their function? |
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Definition
Endocrine -Islet of Langerhand
Alpha- make glucagon
Beta- make insulin
Exocrine- Acinar cells
make 1.2-1.5 L of digestive juices a day
juices contain water, enzymes, and bicarbonate ions.
Aid in chemical digestion |
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Term
| Where is the gall bladder located and what is it's function? |
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Definition
Pear shaped, muscular, green sac, between the lobes of the liver on the inferior surface.
Stores and concentrates bile |
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Term
| What is the first duct coming off the gall bladder? |
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Definition
Cystic duct
Where bile comes in an out of the gall bladder. |
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Term
| Which duct recieves secretions from the pancrease and gall blader? |
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Definition
Hepatopancreatic ampulla (of Vater)
Carries secretion from the pancrease and common bile duct to the small intestine. |
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Term
| Which duct comes from the liver? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the common bile duct? |
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Definition
| combination of the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct that connects to the ampulla. |
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Term
Where is the liver located? |
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Definition
| A large organ with 4 lobes in the upper right quadrant but inferior to the diaphragm. It is suspended by the falciform ligament. |
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Term
| What is the falciform ligament |
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Definition
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Term
What are the functions of the liver?
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Definition
synthesis of bile. Storage. Biotransformation. Synthesis of blood components. |
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Term
| What is the name of liver cells and what are their functions? |
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Definition
Hepatocytes- synthesis of bile (600-1000 mL a day), storage, bitransformation, synthesis of blood components. Hepatic macrophages/ Kupffer cells- Phagocytosis
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Term
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Definition
Alkaline Emulsifies fat Stimulated by secretin and CCK Contains bile pigments from biliruben (old hemoglobin) |
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Term
What does the liver store?
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Definition
Glucose in the form of glycongen or fatty acids Vitamin A, B12, D, E, K Iron Copper
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Term
Name the 3 bitransformations that the liver does.
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Definition
Interconverssion of nutrient Detoxification Phagocytosis
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Term
Describe the livers interconversion of nutrient.
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Definition
Glucose homestasis (glycogen <--> glucose) Gluconeogenesis- sythesis and degradation of protiens and fat when needed |
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Term
| Describe what/How does the liver detoxify the blood/body |
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Definition
It detoxifies ingested or metabolic by product Makes them less toxic or easier to excrete
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Term
| What does the liver phagocytosis? |
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Definition
Worn out RBC and WBC Bacteria Hormones Other debris |
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Term
What blood compoonents does the liver synthesis?
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Definition
Albumin Fibrinogen Globulins Heparrin Clotting factors
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Term
Describe th histology of the liver.
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Definition
Divided into lobes Has 2 types of cells, hepatocytes and Hepatic macrophages/Kupffer cells Contains channel and vessels- portal triad, sinusoids, central vein, bile canaliculi |
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Term
| Describe the portal triad |
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Definition
Outside the livers lobule Made up of hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct. Carries oxygen to the liver, nutrients, and bile. |
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Term
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Definition
Between the portal triad and central vien Exchange of nutrient, wast, ect Where hepatic macrophages/ Kupffer cells are found
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Term
Describe the central vein
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Definition
Takes blood out of the lobule Sinusiods empty into it/ join to form it
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Term
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Definition
They carry bile bile moves from cell --> canalicul --> bile duct --> gall bladder --> small intestine |
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Term
| How must blood supply does the liver get from the heart and where does it recieve it from? |
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Definition
The liver gets about 25% of cardiac output, recieves it from hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein. |
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Term
| Name the secretions that are regulated by the GI tract. |
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Definition
Water Mucous Enzymes Bicarbs Acids Hormones
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Term
What motility is controled by the GI tract.
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Definition
Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle along the tube Opening and closing of sphincters Peristalsis Mass movement Segmentation
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Term
| What are the 3 phases of digestive control of stomach secretions and what do they control? |
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Definition
Cephalic- sight, smell, taste, & thought of food prep stomach for food Gastric- control of digestive process in stomach Intestinal- control of digestive process in the small intestine (and stomach emptying) |
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