Term
| T or F: is the gallbladder part of the alimentary canal |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: the parietal cavity is located btwn the parietal peritoneum & mescentary |
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Definition
| False; visceral & parietal |
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Term
| T or F: The longest segement of the sm, intestine is the duodenum |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: The gallbladder stores & produces bile |
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Definition
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Term
| T or F: the small intestine features 3 sets of progressivly smaller folds that increase surface area for absorption |
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Definition
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Term
| the stomach has 3 layers of smooth muscle that contract to churn food into chyme. |
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Definition
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Term
| The liver concists of plates of hexagonal liver lobules |
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Definition
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Term
| The EXocrine cells of the pancreas are called______ and secrete_________ |
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Definition
| acinar cells, digestive enzymes |
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Term
| the ENocrine cells of the pancreas are called ___________ and secrete _______ |
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Definition
| pancreatic islets of Langerhans,hormones |
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Term
| enzymes that digest lipids into free fatty acids into free fatty acids and monoglycerides |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| clusters of bile salts & digested lipids |
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Term
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Definition
| the structure into which lipids are absorbed |
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Term
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Definition
| digestive enzymes associated with the enterocytes of sm. intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| required to activate pepsinogen |
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Term
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Definition
| protein digesting enzyme produced by pancreas |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| protein digesting enzymes produced by the stomach |
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Term
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Definition
| begins carbohydrate digestion in mouth |
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Term
| Why is the digestion & absorption of lipids more complex than the digestion and absorption of carbohydrates and proteins? |
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Definition
Lipids are NON -polar
Digestion involves:
lingunal & pancreatic lipases that are POLAR
= they only attack the surface
lipids are further broken down to
micelles (when combined with bile salts)
chylomicrons (when micelles enter cytoplasm & are coated with proteins,phospholipids,fat soluble vitamins) |
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Term
| how does the absorption of lipids differ from the absorption carbohydrates and proteins? |
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Definition
| chylomicrons are secreted into the interstitial fluid by intestinal cells BUT are too BIG to go into capallaries and must go into LACTEALS |
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Term
| Peritonitis is an infection of the fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Why do you think this condition have wide ranging effects on the abdominal organs? |
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Definition
Condition is difficult to treat because the peritoneal cavity doesn't have a direct blood supply.
This condition would have wide ranging effects b/c the ab. cavity has a vast amount of organs each with specific ad interconnected fcns. |
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Term
| One of the common consequences of gallstones is blockage of the common bile duct, which prevents bile from being emptied into the duodenum. Predict the possible consequences of this condition. |
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Definition
Bile salts cant breakdown fats (emulsifying lipids into tiny droplets)to allow for breakdown by lipases
= undigested fats appear in feces
feces is also unpigemented |
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Term
| explain how the forms of the sm. intestine, stomach and espohagus follow their fcns. |
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Definition
stomach: 3 layers of smooth muscles (mechinal breakdown of food to chyme)
rugae: allow stomach lumen to expand
Sm intestine: plicae circulares(series of folds)& vili
= maximum absorption & increased surface area
esophagus: stratfied squamous epithelium (to protect against abrasion)
mucosa large folds: allow for expansion when swallowing
smooth muscle progreesively increases as it goes toward stomach |
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Term
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Definition
storage of ingested food
mechinal breakdown of food to chyme
break food chemical bonds
produce intrinsic factor |
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Term
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Definition
| glycoprotein need for absorption of vit b 12 |
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Term
| cardioesophageal sphincter |
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Definition
aka lower esophageal sphincter
prevents contents of stomach from regugitating into esophagus. |
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Term
| heartburn is the result of |
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Definition
| cardioesophageal sphincter malfcn |
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Term
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Definition
| provide a rough surface on tongue that help physically break down food |
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Term
| In the condition known as heartburn, why does the acid burn the esophagus and not burn the stomach? |
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Definition
stomach is lined with mucous that protect its walls
esophagus does not mucous
NOTE it does have a mucosA layer that doesnt mean mucous (gushy stuff) |
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Term
Many dietary supplements contain digestive enzymes aimed to 'improve your digestion'. What will happen when these enter the stomach?
What will happen in sm. intestine? |
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Definition
| Pepsin in the stomach would destroy supplements before even reaching sm intestine |
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Term
| explain why detergents are able to remove both water based and oil based stains? |
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Definition
Detergents contain a hydrophilic (polar) head
=destroy water based stains
detergents also contain a hydrophobic(non polar) tail =
oil based stains. |
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