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digestive system
11/05
55
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
11/05/2008

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Term
secretions of gastric phase unique to infants
Definition
rennin and gastric lipase
Term
rennin
Definition
an enzyme unique to infants that breaks down milk protein
Term
gastric lipase
Definition
an enzyme unique to infants that breaks down milk fat
Term
emesis
Definition
vomiting; results from reverse peristalsis
Term
length of intestinal phase
Definition
a few hours up to seven or eight hours
Term
secretions of intestinal glands in the intestinal phase
Definition
cholecystokinin, secretin
Term
what the intestinal phase regulates
Definition
the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine
Term
when does the intestinal phase begin
Definition
once the food reaches the small intestine
Term
cholecystokinin
Definition
a hormone secreted by the small intestine which slows gastric contraction thereby slowing gastric emptying
Term
secretin
Definition
a hormone secreted by the small intestine that inhibits parietal and chief cells, stimulates the liver to produce bile, stimulates the pancreas to produce buffer
Term
what triggers the release of secretin
Definition
low pH
Term
amount of pancreatic juice secreted daily
Definition
1.5 L
Term
composition of pancreatic juice
Definition
water, some solutes, buffers, enzymes
Term
secretes pancreatic juice
Definition
acini cells of pancreas
Term
enzymes in pancreatic juice
Definition
pancreatic lipase, pancreatic amylase, trypsin and other proteolytic enzymes, ribonuclease, deoxyribonuclease
Term
pancreatic lipase
Definition
enzyme secreted by pancreas, breaks down lipids
Term
pancreatic amylase
Definition
enzyme secreted by pancreas, breaks down carbohydrates
Term
trypsin and other proteolytic enzymes
Definition
enzymes secreted by the pancreas, break down proteins
Term
ribonuclease
Definition
enzyme secreted by pancreas, breaks down RNA
Term
deoxyribonuclease
Definition
enzyme secreted by pancreas, breaks down DNA
Term
function of buffers
Definition
neutralize acids
Term
largest gland in body
Definition
liver
Term
secretes bile
Definition
liver
Term
stores bile
Definition
gall bladder
Term
action of cholecystokinin on gallbladder
Definition
stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the duodenum
Term
amount of bile secreted by the liver daily
Definition
1L
Term
composition of bile
Definition
consists of water,bile salts, cholesterol, and bilirubin
Term
function of bile salts
Definition
they cause emulsification, which breaks large globs of fat into smaller droplets. this provides more surface area for lipase to act on
Term
functions of liver (9)
Definition
carbohydrate metabolism, lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, processing of drugs and hormones, production of bile salts, phagocytosis of worn out blood cells and some bacteria, storage of fat soluble vitamins, B12, and iron, activation of vitamin D, exc
Term
regulates carbohydrate metabolism in the liver
Definition
insulin and glucagon
Term
How does the liver metabolize carbohydrates when there is an increase in blood sugar
Definition
insulin stimulates the liver to form glycogen
Term
How does the liver metabolize carbohydrates when there is a decrease in blood sugar
Definition
glucagon stimulates the liver to breakdown glycogen
Term
What does the liver maintain via lipid metabolism
Definition
the levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, and fatty acids in the blood
Term
What are two ways the liver uses lipids
Definition
synthesizes lipoproteins that are used for the transportation of fatty acids and incorporates cholesterol into bile
Term
How does the liver process drugs and hormones
Definition
it breaks them down so they can can be excreted
Term
How does the liver excrete bilirubin
Definition
biluribin is incorporated in bile and is excreted in the feces
Term
bilirubin
Definition
a byproduct of hemoglobin breakdown
Term
what are the specialized phagocytes of the liver
Definition
Kupffer cells
Term
How does the liver activate vitamin D
Definition
it works in conjunction with the skin and kidneys
Term
functions of small intestine
Definition
receives chyme from stomach and secretions from the liver and kidney,mechanically and chemically breaks down chyme, continues the digestion of food and absorbs nutrients,
Term
amount of intestinal juice secreted by intestinal glands
Definition
1-2L
Term
composition of intestinal juice
Definition
water, bicarbonate ions, digestive enzymes
Term
brush border enzymes
Definition
enzymes embedded in the lipid bilayer of the microvilli
Term
enzymes of the intestine
Definition
lactase, sucrase, maltase, peptidase, nucleosidase
Term
lactase
Definition
enzyme that breaks lactose into glucose and galactose
Term
sucrase
Definition
enzyme that breaks sucrose into glucose and fructose
Term
maltase
Definition
a brush border enzyme that breaks maltose into glucose and glucose
Term
peptidase
Definition
enzyme that breaks dipeptides into amino acids
Term
nucleosidase
Definition
enzyme that breaks down nucleotides
Term
two types of intestinal movements
Definition
segmentation and peristalsis
Term
how does the liver metabolize proteins
Definition
it removes excess amino acids from the blood stream and uses them to synthesize plasma proteins or it stores them
Term
What does segmentation do to the chyme
Definition
it moves it back and forth to aid in digestion and brings the chyme into contact with the intestinal wall for absorption of nutrients
Term
a specific name for the peristalsis that occurs in the small intestine
Definition
migrating motility complex
Term
What does the liver work with to activate vitamin d
Definition
the skin and kidneys
Term
function of migrating motility complex
Definition
moves chyme toward the large intestine over a period of 3-5 hours
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