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Digestive Terminology
Digestive system terminology
35
Other
Graduate
07/17/2016

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Term
Absorption
Definition
Process in which the digested food molecules pass through lining of small intestine into blood or lymph capillaries
Term
anastomosis
Definition
Joining of two organs, vessels, or ducts that are normally separate
Term
anorexia nervosa
Definition
Prolonged refusal to eat that results in emaciation
Term
antidiarrheal
Definition
Treat diarrhea, stop it
Term
antiemetics
Definition
To relieve or prevent vomiting
Term
billary
Definition
Pertaining to bile
Term
bulimia
Definition
Episodes of binge eating that often terminate in self-induced vomiting
Term
calculus
Definition
Concretion usually found in biliary or urinary tracts composed of salts, inorganic, organic acids
Term
cathartic
Definition
Medications used to promote full evacuation of the bowel- to prepare for studies or surgery
Term
diabetes
Definition
Is primarily a result of resistance to insulin or lack of insulin secretion by insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas
Term
dysentery
Definition
infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea
Term
elimination
Definition
Removal of ingested food
Term
amaciation
Definition
Excessive leanness caused by disease or lack of nutrition
Term
enterostasis
Definition
Stoppage or delay in the passage of food through the intestine
Term
enzymes
Definition
Proteins that speed up chemical breakdown
Term
flatulence
Definition
Excessive gas in stomach and intestinal tract that leads to bloating
Term
gastroplasty
Definition
Surgery to limit food intake or absorption, reduce stomach's capacity
Term
glucose
Definition
Sugar that is major source of energy for the body
Term
inguinal
Definition
Pertaining to the groin
Term
insulin
Definition
Hormone that regulates the blood sugar level
Term
jaundice
Definition
Yellow discoloration of skin
Term
lavage
Definition
Act of washing out of an organ
Term
laxative
Definition
Cause evacuation of the bowel and may be prescribed to correct constipation
Term
lithrotripsy
Definition
no surgery needed; a treatment, typically using ultrasound shock waves, by which a kidney stone or other calculus is broken into small particles that can be passed out by the body
Term
malabsorption
Definition
Complex of symptoms that include anorexia, weight loss, flatulence, muscle cramps, bone pain
Term
malnutrition
Definition
Depletion of nutrients
Term
metabolism
Definition
Nutrients used for growth, generation of energy, and elimination of waste
Term
nasogastric
Definition
Enteral feeding tube
Term
purgative
Definition
Medication used to promote full evacuation of the bowel in preparation for studies
Term
viscera
Definition
Refers to large internal organs enclosed within a cavity especially in abdomen wall
Term
Diabetes Mellitus
Definition
Endocrine disorder characterized by glycosuria and hyperglycemia (increased level of glucose in blood and inadequate secretion of insulin
Term
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Definition
Form of diabetes mellitus that results in autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas
Term
Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)
Definition
Endocrine disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels because the body cells do not respond properly to insulin that is produced
Term
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Definition
Digestive disorder that affects the lower esophageal spincter in a way in which the contents of the stomach come back up into the esophagus.
Term
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Definition
Chronic condition of frequent episodes of diarrhea.
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