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| What does focal length determine? |
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Definition
How much of the scene is sharp – the longer the telephoto the less depth of field, distance between nearest and farthest objects in focus
The portion of the scene that is in focus |
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| Consistent High Quality Image |
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| image progressively deteriorates as you zoom in because fewer of the original picture’s pixels are being spread across the screen |
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| Defines how much light is let into the camera that affects exposure; Bigger the number bigger the aperture hole; Smaller number, smaller aperture hole; Aperture modifies depth of field, affecting the sharpness of anything farther or closer than the actual focused distance |
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Camera angle
Continuity
Cutting
Close-ups
Composition |
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| The regular VP lights (not incandescent bulbs) |
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Efficiency: 2 to 5 times as efficient as incandescents. This means they use less power and run cooler.
Colour temperature: HMIs run at around 5600K, daylight temperature. This makes daylight shooting easier, as well as eliminating loss of light from gels (which are necessary with incandescents).
Light Quality: Directors of photography speak highly of the light produced by HMIs. |
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| What to do if not enough light? |
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Definition
Move subject closer where there is more light
Open aperture, this reduces depth of field
Increase gain, can create picture noise
Increase available light
Add more lighting instruments |
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| What to do if too much light? |
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Definition
Move subject where there is less light
Stop down the aperture
Use neutral density filter
Turn off or block some of the existing light
Pull shades or blinds |
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| Good things about hard light? |
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Definition
Man made light that behave like sun – match, candle, bare light bulb
It is directional, can be easily restricted to illuminate just the desired areas
It casts sharp shadows and amplifies texture
It produces vigorous bold well defined effects
The intensity of a hard light source does not fall off appreciably with distance – subjects can be illuminated from some distance away |
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| Bad things about hard light? |
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Definition
Distracting or ugly shadows can be difficult to avoid, talent on set will have harsh shadows behind them
Results may look harsh and have a very high contrast
Texture could be too emphasized, revealing irregularities to skin
Restricted coverage, may need more lights
When more than one hard light is used the multi shadows can be distracting? |
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Definition
| Scatters in all directions, like when the sun is obscured by clouds or reflected from rough toned surfaces |
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| Good things about soft light |
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Definition
Subtle delicate shading
Generally does not create unwanted shadows
Avoids emphasizing modeling and texture
Can lighten shadows cast by hard light sources so that details are visible
Can cover a wide area of a scene |
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| Bad things about soft light |
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Definition
Can flatten out all signs of surface shape and texture in the picture because it does not emphasize texture
It spreads around flooding all surfaces with light – can be difficult to restrict light from selected areas
It quickly falls off in intensity as the lamp’s distance from the subject increases – something near the source may be well or over lit but another subject farther away may be insufficiently lit |
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| the difference between the brightness of its lightest and darkest tones |
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| 3 Point Lighting (which lights) |
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| Key light, Fill Light, Backlight |
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| Primary Light Source; slightly above and to one side of the camera |
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| Floodlight placed on other side of camera |
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| Angles down onto the subject from behind to separate the subject from the background |
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