Term
Hypertension
Heart failure - good to give diabetics (preserves renal function) |
|
Definition
Enalapril (pril)
ACE Inhibitor
NOT WITH K+ supplements, K+ sparing diuretics |
|
|
Term
Hypertension
Patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors
Diabetic nephropathy
Avoid in pregnancy |
|
Definition
Isosartan (sartans)
Angiotensin receptor blocker |
|
|
Term
Hypertension - NOT first line
Angina, post MCI, arrhythmias
NOT in diabetes or asthma |
|
Definition
Propanolol
Beta blocker
NOT WITH: Ca channel blocker (verapamil) |
|
|
Term
Hypertension
Angina, tachyarrhythmias
NOT heart failure |
|
Definition
Verapamil
Ca channel blocker
NOT WITH: beta blockers (propanolol) |
|
|
Term
Hypertension
NOT in gout, diabetes, or hypercholesteraemia |
|
Definition
Chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretics
NOT WITH: Digoxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Frusemide
Loop diuretics
NOT WITH: Aminoglycosides (antibiotics), digoxin, warfarin, ACE inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Hypertension - most effective combination |
|
Definition
ACE inhibitor or Angiotensin II receptor antagonist
PLUS
Ca channel blocker |
|
|
Term
| Hypertension - most effective combination |
|
Definition
Enalapril (pril)
or
Isosartan
PLUS
Verapamil |
|
|
Term
Hypertension
Particularly with heart failure or stroke |
|
Definition
Enalapril (pril)
or
Isosartan
PLUS
chlorothiazide |
|
|
Term
Hypertension
Recommended post MI or in people with heart failure |
|
Definition
Enalapril (pril)
or
Isosartan
AND
propanolol |
|
|
Term
Hypertension
Particularly with coronary heart disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Hypertension
NOT diabetes, metabolic syndrome, glucose intolerance) |
|
Definition
Chlorothiazide
PLUS
Propanolol |
|
|
Term
| Hypertension - not best combo |
|
Definition
Chlorothiazide
PLUS
Verapamil |
|
|
Term
Hypertension
- for those at risk of hyperkalaemia |
|
Definition
Enalapril (pril)
or
Isosartan
PLUS
spironolactone
or
amioloride/triamterene |
|
|
Term
| Hypertension - for those at risk of heart block |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute renal failure, localised oedema (not generalised), raised intracranial pressure, glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Localised oedema (not generalised), glaucoma |
|
Definition
Acetazolamide
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor |
|
|
Term
Pulmonary oedema, CHF, liver cirrhosis, renal failure (hypertension), drug overdose
In combo with thiazides or K+ sparing diuretics |
|
Definition
Frusemide
Loop diuretics
NOT WITH: Aminoglycosides (antibiotics), digoxin, warfarin, ACE inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| One of the most efficacious diuretics |
|
Definition
Frusemide
Loop diuretics
NOT WITH: Aminoglycosides (antibiotics), digoxin, warfarin, ACE inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Oedema from mild-mod CHF, renal or hepatic disease, moderate hypertension, diabetes insipidus |
|
Definition
Chlorothiazide, hydrochlorothiazide
Thiazide diuretics
NOT WITH: Digoxin, oral hypoglycaemic agents |
|
|
Term
| Hyperaldosteronism; Often used with thiazides or loop diuretics to prevent hypokalaemia, resistant hypertension, CHF |
|
Definition
Spironolactone
Aldosterone receptor antagonist
(K+ sparring diuretic)
NOT WITH: K+ sparing diuretics, K+ supplements, ACE inhibitors |
|
|
Term
| Often used with thiazides or loop diuretics to prevent hypokalaemia, hypertension (additive to thiazides) |
|
Definition
Amiloride, triamterene
Na+ channel blockers
(K+ sparing diuretics)
NOT WITH: Spironolactone, K+ supplements |
|
|
Term
| Hyperthyroidism - symptomatic treatment (tachycardia, arrhythmia, angina, tremor, agitation) |
|
Definition
Propanolol
Beta blocker
NOT WITH: Ca channel blockers (verapamil) |
|
|
Term
| Hyperthyroidism - prolonged, or short term before surgery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperthyroidism - Grave’s disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperthyroidism - short term, thyrotoxic crisis, prep for thyroidectomy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hyperthyroidism and thyroid carcinoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Medicines that may weaken bones |
|
Definition
| Glucocorticoids (prednisolone), thyroid hormone, heparin, antiepileptic drugs, glitazones, aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole) |
|
|
Term
| Osteoporosis - preventative treatment |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteoporosis - not generally recommended for use to prevent bone loss or fractures |
|
Definition
| Hormone replacement therapy |
|
|
Term
| Osteoporosis - beneficial effects on bone without effect on other tissues |
|
Definition
Raloxifene
Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) |
|
|
Term
| Osteoporosis - 1st line management for postmenopausal osteoporosis |
|
Definition
Alendronate
Bisphosphate
NOT WITH - Glucocorticoids - increased risk of atypical fractures |
|
|
Term
| Osteoporosis - when bisphosphates unsuitable |
|
Definition
Densumab
Monoclonal antibody against RANKL |
|
|
Term
| Osteoporosis - low efficacy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Osteoporosis - when high risk of fracture or other treatments unsuitable |
|
Definition
Teriparatide
PTH/PTH fragments, bone anabolic agent |
|
|
Term
| Diabetes - immediately before a meal |
|
Definition
Insulin lispro, insulin aspart
Ultra short acting insulin |
|
|
Term
| Diabetes - IV in hyperglycaemic emergency, or before a meal |
|
Definition
Soluble insulin (neutral)
Short acting insulin |
|
|
Term
| Diabetes - combine with short acting and give twice a day (mimic basal release) |
|
Definition
Isophane
Intermediate acting insulin |
|
|
Term
| Diabetes - give at breakfast with short-acting given at meals (mimic basal release) |
|
Definition
Ultralente
Long acting insulin |
|
|
Term
| Diabetes - first choice (unless renal problems) |
|
Definition
Metformin
Insulin sensitiser |
|
|
Term
| Diabetes - less efficacious than metformin or sulphonureas |
|
Definition
Thiazolidinediones
TZDs/glitazones
Insulin sensitiser |
|
|
Term
| Diabetes - useful in early stages of diabetes |
|
Definition
Glicazide
Sulphonylureas
Insulin secretion |
|
|
Term
| Diabetes - may be used in patients with allergy to sulphonylureas |
|
Definition
Repaglinide
Glitinides
Insulin secretion |
|
|
Term
| Diabetes - useful when postprandial BG remains high despite dietary mods |
|
Definition
Acarbose
a-glucosidase inhibitors
Oral hypoglycaemic agent |
|
|
