Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description: Derivative of 6mercaptopurine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description: Causes phocomelia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description: Nephrotoxic in 75% of patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description: SE: acne, osteoporosis, HTN, hyperglycemia, immunosuppression-> infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description: Inhibits secretion of IL-2 |
|
Definition
Tacrolimus and cyclosporine |
|
|
Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description: Akylating agent that requires bioactivation in the liver |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description: Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What arachidonic acid product has actions that oppose those of prostacyclin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What substances are well known for causing hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency? |
|
Definition
Fava beans Sulfonamides high dose aspirin primaquine isoniazid ibuprofen nitrofurantoin dapsone naphthalene |
|
|
Term
What enzyme is deficient in fructose intolerance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What enzyme is deficient in essential fructosuria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What enzyme is deficient in classic galactosemia? |
|
Definition
galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase |
|
|
Term
What might you see in a first trimester ultrasound of a fetus with Down syndrome? |
|
Definition
Increased nuchal translucency |
|
|
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement: Reabsorbs 67% of fluids and electrolytes filtered by the glomerulus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement: Segment responsible for concentrating urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement: Site of secretion of organic anions and cations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement: Always impermeable to water |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement: Permeable ot water only in the presence of ADH |
|
Definition
Collecting duct and late distal tubule |
|
|
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement: Site of Na/2Cl/K co-transporter |
|
Definition
Thick ascending loop of henle |
|
|
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement: Site of isotonic fluid resorption |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement: Site responsible for diluting urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement: Only site where glucose and AA are reabsorbed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement: Water reabsorption in the loop on Henle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What determines how much water is reabsorbed in the collecting duct? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What two types of cells compose the collecting duct and last segment of the distal convoluted tubule? |
|
Definition
Principle cells: secrete K; reabsorb water and Na
Intercalated cells: reabsorb K; secrete HCO3 |
|
|
Term
What are the two types of intercalated cells? |
|
Definition
Alpha (hydrogen secreting) beta (bicarb secreting) |
|
|
Term
What class of diuretic directly affects the principle cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What affect does aldosterone have on intercalated cells and principle cells of the collecting duct |
|
Definition
Intercalated: stimulates acid secretion
Principle: increases Na reabsorption and K secretion |
|
|
Term
What drug antagonizes aldosterones action on the principle cells of the collecting duct, thereby increasing Na excretion and decreasing K excretion |
|
Definition
Aldosterone antagonists: spironolactone, eplerenone |
|
|
Term
A patient with recent kidney transplant on cyclosporin for immunosuppression requires an antifungal agent for Candidiasis. What drug would result in cyclosporin toxicity? |
|
Definition
Ketoconazole (inhibit cytochrome p450) |
|
|
Term
A pt presents with renal insufficiency. What alterations need to be made in his doses of digoxin and digitoxin? |
|
Definition
Digoxin: decrease
Digitoxin: no change (not renally excreted) |
|
|
Term
What effect will a renal stone that obstructs the ureter have on GRF and RBF? |
|
Definition
Decrease GFR, no change in RBF, decrease in FF |
|
|
Term
What is the maximal serum glucose concentration that can be absorbed in the tubules? |
|
Definition
Glucosuria begins at plasma glucose of 160-200mg/dL
All transporters are fully saturated at 350 |
|
|
Term
What change in a basic metabolic panel will you see in a person with status asthmaticus? |
|
Definition
Beta agonists cause hypokalemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Methanol Uremia Diabetic Ketoacidosis Paraldehyde Iron tablets or isoniazid Lactic acid Ethanol Salicylates |
|
|
Term
A pt taking lisinopril complains of new onset, constant coughing. What medication class should this patient be switched to? |
|
Definition
Switch from an ACE inhibitor to an ARB (Angiotensin II receptor blocker, -sartans) |
|
|
Term
A pt with heart failure exacerbation needs medical diuresis but has a sulfa allergy. What diuretic can be used? |
|
Definition
Ethacrynic acid (non-sulfa loop diuretic) |
|
|
Term
A pt presents with hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and low plasma renin. What is the dx and how do you treat it? |
|
Definition
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome) Tx with spironolactone |
|
|
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug: Triamterene |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug: Acetazolamide |
|
Definition
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (proximal convoluted tubule) |
|
|
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug: Hydrochlorothiazide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug: Bumetanide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug: Spironolactone |
|
Definition
K sparing diuretic, aldosterone antagonists |
|
|
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug: Chlorothiazide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug: Ethacrynic acid |
|
Definition
loop diuretic (non-sulfa) |
|
|
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug: Mannitol |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug: Metolazone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug: Chorthalidone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug: Furosemide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug: Amiloride |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug: Torsemide |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation: Acute pulmonary edema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation: Idiopathic hypercalciuria (calcium stones) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation: Glaucoma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation: Mild to moderate CHF with expanded ECV |
|
Definition
Loop diuretic, or thiazide |
|
|
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation: In conjunction with loop or thiazide to retain K |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation: Edema a/w nephrotic syndrome |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation: Increased intracranial pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation: Mild to moderate HTN |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation: Hypercalcemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation: Altitude sickness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation: Hyperaldosteronism |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the equation for renal clearance? |
|
Definition
CL = (UV)/P
U= urine concentration of X V= urine flow rate P= plasma conc of X |
|
|
Term
A 49 year old patient weighs 100 kg. What is her estimated plasma volume? |
|
Definition
20%= ECF 1/4 ECF = plasma volume
5L |
|
|
Term
What factors/ substances cause hyperkalemia |
|
Definition
Acidosis K sparing diuretics ACE inhibitors Insulin deficiency beta antagonists |
|
|
Term
What is the site of action of mannitol? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the site of action of thiazides |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the actions of angiotensin II? |
|
Definition
Direct vasoconstricting effect Raises aldosterone levels Decreases renal blood flow, but increases GFR |
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: Most common nephrotic syndrome in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: IF: granular pattern of immune complex deposition LM: diffuse capillary thickening |
|
Definition
Membranous glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: IF: granular pattern of immune complex deposition LM: Hypercellular glomeruli |
|
Definition
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: IF: linear pattern of immune complex deposition |
|
Definition
Goodpasture's syndrome (antiGBM antibodies) |
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: IF: deposition of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 in mesangium |
|
Definition
Berger's disease (IgA nephrobathy) |
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: Kimmel-stiel-Wilson lesions |
|
Definition
Diabetic glomerulonephropathy |
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: Most common nephrotic syndrome in adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: EM: loss of epithelial foot processes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: Nephrotic syndrome a/w Hep B |
|
Definition
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Type I |
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: Nephrotic syndrome a/w HIV |
|
Definition
Focal segmental glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: Anti GBM antibodies, hematuria, hemoptysis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: EM: subendothelial humps and tram-track appearance |
|
Definition
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: Nephritis, deafness, cataracts |
|
Definition
Alport's syndrome (type IV collagen defect) |
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: LM: crescent formation on glomeruli |
|
Definition
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (Goodpasture's, Wegener's, Microscopic polyangitis) |
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: LM: segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis |
|
Definition
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: Purpura on backs of arms and legs, ab pain, IgA nephropathy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: LM: wire-loop appearance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: Apple green birefringence and congo red stain under polarized light |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What glomerular disease: EM: spiking of the GBM due to electron dense subepithelial deposits |
|
Definition
Membranous glomerulonephitis |
|
|