Shared Flashcard Set

Details

DIT Quizzes Day 15
Renal
87
Other
Professional
05/30/2013

Additional Other Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description:
Derivative of 6mercaptopurine
Definition
Azathioprine
Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description:
Causes phocomelia
Definition
Thalidomide
Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description:
Nephrotoxic in 75% of patients
Definition
cyclosporine
Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description:
SE: acne, osteoporosis, HTN, hyperglycemia, immunosuppression-> infection
Definition
Corticosterioids
Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description:
Inhibits secretion of IL-2
Definition
Tacrolimus and cyclosporine
Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description:
Akylating agent that requires bioactivation in the liver
Definition
Cyclophosphamide
Term
Which immunosuppressant fits the following description:
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
Definition
Methotrexate
Term
What arachidonic acid product has actions that oppose those of prostacyclin?
Definition
Thromboxane
Term
What substances are well known for causing hemolytic anemia in patients with G6PD deficiency?
Definition
Fava beans
Sulfonamides
high dose aspirin
primaquine
isoniazid
ibuprofen
nitrofurantoin
dapsone
naphthalene
Term
What enzyme is deficient in fructose intolerance?
Definition
aldolase B
Term
What enzyme is deficient in essential fructosuria?
Definition
fructokinase
Term
What enzyme is deficient in classic galactosemia?
Definition
galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase
Term
What might you see in a first trimester ultrasound of a fetus with Down syndrome?
Definition
Increased nuchal translucency
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Reabsorbs 67% of fluids and electrolytes filtered by the glomerulus
Definition
Proximal tubule
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Segment responsible for concentrating urine
Definition
collecting duct
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Site of secretion of organic anions and cations
Definition
proximal tubule
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Always impermeable to water
Definition
Thick ascending loop
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Permeable ot water only in the presence of ADH
Definition
Collecting duct and late distal tubule
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Site of Na/2Cl/K co-transporter
Definition
Thick ascending loop of henle
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Site of isotonic fluid resorption
Definition
Proximal tubule
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Site responsible for diluting urine
Definition
Thick ascending limb
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Only site where glucose and AA are reabsorbed
Definition
Proximal tubule
Term
What segment of the renal tubule matches the following statement:
Water reabsorption in the loop on Henle
Definition
thin descending limb
Term
What determines how much water is reabsorbed in the collecting duct?
Definition
ADH
Term
What two types of cells compose the collecting duct and last segment of the distal convoluted tubule?
Definition
Principle cells: secrete K; reabsorb water and Na

Intercalated cells: reabsorb K; secrete HCO3
Term
What are the two types of intercalated cells?
Definition
Alpha (hydrogen secreting)
beta (bicarb secreting)
Term
What class of diuretic directly affects the principle cells
Definition
K sparing diuretics
Term
What affect does aldosterone have on intercalated cells and principle cells of the collecting duct
Definition
Intercalated: stimulates acid secretion

Principle: increases Na reabsorption and K secretion
Term
What drug antagonizes aldosterones action on the principle cells of the collecting duct, thereby increasing Na excretion and decreasing K excretion
Definition
Aldosterone antagonists: spironolactone, eplerenone
Term
A patient with recent kidney transplant on cyclosporin for immunosuppression requires an antifungal agent for Candidiasis. What drug would result in cyclosporin toxicity?
Definition
Ketoconazole (inhibit cytochrome p450)
Term
A pt presents with renal insufficiency. What alterations need to be made in his doses of digoxin and digitoxin?
Definition
Digoxin: decrease

Digitoxin: no change (not renally excreted)
Term
What effect will a renal stone that obstructs the ureter have on GRF and RBF?
Definition
Decrease GFR, no change in RBF, decrease in FF
Term
What is the maximal serum glucose concentration that can be absorbed in the tubules?
Definition
Glucosuria begins at plasma glucose of 160-200mg/dL

All transporters are fully saturated at 350
Term
What change in a basic metabolic panel will you see in a person with status asthmaticus?
Definition
Beta agonists cause hypokalemia
Term
MUDPILES?
Definition
Methanol
Uremia
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
Paraldehyde
Iron tablets or isoniazid
Lactic acid
Ethanol
Salicylates
Term
A pt taking lisinopril complains of new onset, constant coughing. What medication class should this patient be switched to?
Definition
Switch from an ACE inhibitor to an ARB (Angiotensin II receptor blocker, -sartans)
Term
A pt with heart failure exacerbation needs medical diuresis but has a sulfa allergy. What diuretic can be used?
Definition
Ethacrynic acid (non-sulfa loop diuretic)
Term
A pt presents with hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and low plasma renin. What is the dx and how do you treat it?
Definition
Hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome)
Tx with spironolactone
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Triamterene
Definition
K sparing
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Acetazolamide
Definition
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (proximal convoluted tubule)
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Hydrochlorothiazide
Definition
Thiazide diuretic (DCT)
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Bumetanide
Definition
Loop diuretic
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Spironolactone
Definition
K sparing diuretic, aldosterone antagonists
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Chlorothiazide
Definition
Thiazide diuretic
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Ethacrynic acid
Definition
loop diuretic (non-sulfa)
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Mannitol
Definition
Osmotic diuretic
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Metolazone
Definition
Thiazide diuretic
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Chorthalidone
Definition
thiazide diuretic
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Furosemide
Definition
Loop diuretic
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Amiloride
Definition
K sparing diuretic
Term
What type of diuretic is the following drug:
Torsemide
Definition
Loop diuretic
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Acute pulmonary edema
Definition
Loop diuretic
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Idiopathic hypercalciuria (calcium stones)
Definition
Thiazide diuretic
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Glaucoma
Definition
Acetazolamide/ mannitol
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Mild to moderate CHF with expanded ECV
Definition
Loop diuretic, or thiazide
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
In conjunction with loop or thiazide to retain K
Definition
K sparing diuretic
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Edema a/w nephrotic syndrome
Definition
Loop diuretic
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Increased intracranial pressure
Definition
Mannitol
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Mild to moderate HTN
Definition
Thiazide diuretic
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Hypercalcemia
Definition
Loop diuretic
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Altitude sickness
Definition
Acetazolamide (CAIs)
Term
What diuretic or class of diuretic would be most useful in the following situation:
Hyperaldosteronism
Definition
Spironolactone
Term
What is the equation for renal clearance?
Definition
CL = (UV)/P

U= urine concentration of X
V= urine flow rate
P= plasma conc of X
Term
A 49 year old patient weighs 100 kg. What is her estimated plasma volume?
Definition
20%= ECF
1/4 ECF = plasma volume

5L
Term
What factors/ substances cause hyperkalemia
Definition
Acidosis
K sparing diuretics
ACE inhibitors
Insulin deficiency
beta antagonists
Term
What is the site of action of mannitol?
Definition
Proximal tubule
Term
What is the site of action of thiazides
Definition
distal convoluted tubule
Term
What are the actions of angiotensin II?
Definition
Direct vasoconstricting effect
Raises aldosterone levels
Decreases renal blood flow, but increases GFR
Term
What glomerular disease:
Most common nephrotic syndrome in children?
Definition
Minimal change disease
Term
What glomerular disease:
IF: granular pattern of immune complex deposition
LM: diffuse capillary thickening
Definition
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Term
What glomerular disease:
IF: granular pattern of immune complex deposition
LM: Hypercellular glomeruli
Definition
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Term
What glomerular disease:
IF: linear pattern of immune complex deposition
Definition
Goodpasture's syndrome (antiGBM antibodies)
Term
What glomerular disease:
IF: deposition of IgG, IgM, IgA, C3 in mesangium
Definition
Berger's disease (IgA nephrobathy)
Term
What glomerular disease:
Kimmel-stiel-Wilson lesions
Definition
Diabetic glomerulonephropathy
Term
What glomerular disease:
Most common nephrotic syndrome in adults
Definition
Membranous nephropathy
Term
What glomerular disease:
EM: loss of epithelial foot processes
Definition
Minimal change disease
Term
What glomerular disease:
Nephrotic syndrome a/w Hep B
Definition
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Type I
Term
What glomerular disease:
Nephrotic syndrome a/w HIV
Definition
Focal segmental glomerulonephritis
Term
What glomerular disease:
Anti GBM antibodies, hematuria, hemoptysis
Definition
Goodpasture's syndrome
Term
What glomerular disease:
EM: subendothelial humps and tram-track appearance
Definition
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
Term
What glomerular disease:
Nephritis, deafness, cataracts
Definition
Alport's syndrome (type IV collagen defect)
Term
What glomerular disease:
LM: crescent formation on glomeruli
Definition
Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
(Goodpasture's, Wegener's, Microscopic polyangitis)
Term
What glomerular disease:
LM: segmental sclerosis and hyalinosis
Definition
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Term
What glomerular disease:
Purpura on backs of arms and legs, ab pain, IgA nephropathy
Definition
Berger's disease
Term
What glomerular disease:
LM: wire-loop appearance
Definition
SLE nephropathy
Term
What glomerular disease:
Apple green birefringence and congo red stain under polarized light
Definition
Amyloidosis
Term
What glomerular disease:
EM: spiking of the GBM due to electron dense subepithelial deposits
Definition
Membranous glomerulonephitis
Supporting users have an ad free experience!