Term
| What bacterial structure mediates adherence of bacteria to the surface of a cell? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What bacterial structure protects against phagocytosis? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the name for the space between the inner and outer membrane of gram negative bacteria?? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bacterial structure forms attachment between two bacteria during transfer of DNA (conjugation)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What bacterial structure contains a variety of genes for antibiotic resistance, enzymes, and toxins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What exotoxin inhibits ACh release-->flaccid paralysis |
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Definition
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Term
| What exotoxin stimulates adenylate cyclase-->Cl and water in the gut-->diarrhea |
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Definition
| Cholera toxin and Heat-labile toxin (ETEC) |
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Term
| What exotoxin causes scarlet fever? |
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Definition
| erythrogenic/pyrogenic toxins of Strep. pyogenes |
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Term
| What exotoxin inactivates EF2-->pseudomembranous pharyngitis |
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Definition
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Term
| What exotoxin blocks the release of inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine? |
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Definition
| tetanospasmin of C.tetani |
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Term
| What are the acute phase cytokines? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What organisms do not gram stain? |
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Definition
"These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color"
Treponema
Rickettsia
Mycobacterium
Mycoplasma
Legionella pneumophila
Chlamydia |
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Term
| What stain is required to see Cryptococcus neoformans? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stain is required to see Pneumocystis jiroveci? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What stain is required to see Amyloid? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What stain is required to see Chlamydia? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the characteristics of MacConkey's agar |
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Definition
1. Bile salts and crystal violet-inhibit growth of gram positive
2. Lacotse is only carbohydrate, Neutral red stain- lactose fermenters turn pink |
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Term
| By what method are plasmids exchanged in bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bacteria are encapsulated? |
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Definition
"Some Killers Have Nice Shiny Bodies"
Strep pneumo
Klebsiella
H. influenzae
Neiserria meningitidis
Salmonella
Group B strep |
|
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Term
| Which bacteria are spore formers |
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Definition
C.perfringens, C. tetani, C.botulinum
Bacillus anthracis, B.cereus
Coxiella burnetii |
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|
Term
| What is the function of ribosomes? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What bacterial structure provides motility? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the bacterial form that provides resistance to dehydration, heat, and chemicals |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bacterial structure provides rigid support to bacterial cells and protects against osmotic pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| What three things does exotoxin do? |
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Definition
1. Activates macrophages
2. Activates complement (alternate pathway)
3. Activate Hageman factor (XII) |
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Term
| What exotoxins work by inactivating 60S ribosome by cleaving rRNA? |
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Definition
| Shiga toxin and Shiga-like toxin of EHEC |
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Term
| Name 5 enterotoxigenic bacteria (cause water and electrolyte imbalance-->diarrhea) |
|
Definition
Enterotoxigenic E.coli
Vibrio cholera
Shigella
Salmonella
Staph. aureus |
|
|
Term
| Name the intracellular bacteria |
|
Definition
Obligate: Rickettsia, Chlamydia
Facultative: Legionella |
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|
Term
| What color pigment does Serratia marcenscens produce? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What color pigment does Staph. aureus produce? |
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Definition
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Term
| What skin infections can be caused by both Staph aureus and Strep pyogenes? (3) |
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Definition
| Folliculitis, Cellulitis, Impetigo |
|
|
Term
| What are the major Jones Criteria for Rheumatic fever (S. pyogenes) |
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Definition
Polyarthritis
Carditis
Erythema marginatum
Sydenhams Chorea
Subcutaneous nodules |
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|
Term
| What are the 3 most common bacteria that can cause neonatal death |
|
Definition
Group B Strep
Listeria
E.coli |
|
|
Term
| Which bacteria are obligate aerobes? (4) |
|
Definition
"Nagging Pests Must Breathe"
Nocardia
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bacillus |
|
|
Term
| What patients are susceptible to Listeria monocytogenes |
|
Definition
| neonates, immunocompromised, AIDS |
|
|
Term
| What organisms are most commonly implicated in subacute endocarditis |
|
Definition
S. sanguis (Viridans)
S. bovis (Group D, enterococcus)
S.epidermidis (Coag neg staph) |
|
|
Term
| A woman who is breast feeding develops redness and swelling of her breast over a period of 24 hours. Exam reveals a warm, fluctuant mass. What is the dx? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common aerobic skin flora |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organism causes acute endocarditis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gram positive bacteria is associated with scalded skin syndrome |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gram positive bacteria is associated with white membrane on pharynx |
|
Definition
| Corynebacterium diptheriae |
|
|
Term
| Which gram positive bacteria is associated with pharyngitis-->glomerulonephritis |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gram positive bacteria is the most common cause of meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gram positive bacteria is the most common cause of osteomyelitis |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which gram positive bacteria is associated with serious newborn infections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gram positive bacteria is associated with an infant with poor muscle tone |
|
Definition
| Clostridium botulinum (floppy baby) |
|
|
Term
| Which gram positive bacteria is associated with diarrhea after antibiotic use |
|
Definition
| Clostridium difficil (C.diff) |
|
|
Term
| Which gram positive bacteria is associated with respiratory distress in a postal worker |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gram positive bacteria is associated with otitis media in children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which gram positive bacteria is associated with cellulitis |
|
Definition
Staph aureus
Strep pyogenes |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOA of botulinum toxin? |
|
Definition
| inhibits ACh release at the NMJ-->flaccid paralysis |
|
|
Term
| Clinical uses for alpha-interferon |
|
Definition
| Hepatitis B and C, Kaposi sarcoma, leukemias, malignant melanoma |
|
|
Term
| Clinical uses for B-interferon |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical use for gamma-interferon |
|
Definition
| Chronic granulomatous disease |
|
|
Term
| Clinical use for erythropoeitin |
|
Definition
| Anemias (especially renal failure) |
|
|
Term
| Clinical use for Filgrastim (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor) |
|
Definition
| Recovery of bone marrow (in general, after chemotherapy) |
|
|
Term
| Clinical use for Aldesleukin (IL-2) |
|
Definition
| Renal cell carcinoma, metastatic melanoma |
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|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity is responsible for Rheumatic fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity is responsible for Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity is responsible for Asthma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity is responsible for Tuberculosis skin test (PPD)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity is responsible for allergies, anaphylaxis, and hay fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity is responsible for Polyarteritis nodosum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity is responsible for Serum sickness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity is responsible for ABO blood type incompatibility? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity is responsible for Poison ivy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity is responsible for eczema? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity is responsible for contact dermatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity is responsible for Goodpasture's syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which complement is responsible for neutrophil chemotaxis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A young child presents with tetany from hypocalcemia and candidiasis resulting from immunosuppression. Dx? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| A young child has recurrent lung infections and granlulomatous lesions. Dx? What is the defect in neutrophils? |
|
Definition
Chronic granulomatous disease
Deficiency in NADPH oxidase-->absent respiratory burst in neutrophils |
|
|
Term
| A mother brings in her 2 year old child who has had multiple viral and fungal infections and is found to be hypocalcemic. Which of the three types of germ cells (ecto-, endo-, meso-) give rise to the structure that is absent in this child? |
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Definition
| Missing structure=thymus (DiGeorge syndrome) derived from endoderm |
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|
Term
| A child has an immune disorder in which there are repeated Staph abscesses; it is found that the neutrophils fail to respond to chemotactic stimuli. What is the most likely dx? |
|
Definition
| Job's syndrome (Hyper-IgE--->Th cells fail to produce IFN-gamma) |
|
|
Term
| What would you expect to see in a patient with Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome? |
|
Definition
Thrombocytopenia, Infections, Eczema, recurrent pyogenic infections
decreased IgG and increased IgA |
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of Chronic Granulomatous Disease? What type of infections are these people more prone to? |
|
Definition
NADPH oxidase deficiency
-increased susceptibility to catalase positive organisms (S.aureus, E.coli, Aspergillus) |
|
|
Term
| In what disease would you see the following antibodies: Anti-mitochondrial |
|
Definition
| Primary biliary cirrhosis |
|
|
Term
| In what disease would you see the following antibodies: Anti-TSH receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what disease would you see the following antibodies: Anti-centromere |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what disease would you see the following antibodies: Anti-basement membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what disease would you see the following antibodies: Anti-neutrophil |
|
Definition
ANCA
p-anca=Wegeners
c-anca=other vasculitides |
|
|
Term
| What drugs are composed of antibodies against TNF |
|
Definition
| etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab |
|
|
Term
| How does the mechanism of Type II hypersensitivity differ form Type III hypersensitivity? |
|
Definition
Type II: antibodies against self that cause damage by way of complement and macrophages
Type III: causes same damage via anibodies against foreign antigens that form complex that deposits in cells |
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|
Term
| A patient suffers from recurrent Neisseria infections. What complement proteins are deficient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A 45 year old woman complains of malar rash and arthritis. Which antibodies are specific for the most likely disorder? |
|
Definition
SLE-->anti-smith, anti-dsDNA
(will also see anti-nuclear antibodies) |
|
|
Term
| After a bone marrow transplant, a patient suffers from dermatitis, enteritis and hepatitis. What disease process is occuring? |
|
Definition
Graft vs host disease
-Grafted immunocompetent T cells proliferate in the irradiated immunocompromised disease host and rejects cells with "foreign" proteins |
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