Term
How does pressure relate to altitude and depth? |
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Definition
Pressure decreases with altitude and increases with depth. |
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Term
What is the weight of air at sea level? |
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Definition
14.7 pounds per square inch. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
Water is ______ times more dense than air. |
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Definition
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Term
How does compression relate to air and water? |
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Definition
Air can be compressed, water does not. |
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Term
Light travels _____% _____ in water than in air. |
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Definition
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Term
How does refraction make objects in the water appear? |
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Definition
25% closer and 33% larger. |
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Term
How well does sound travel in water? |
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Definition
Sound travels 4 times faster in water than in air. |
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Term
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Definition
A bacterial or fungal infection of the outer ear canal. |
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Term
What is a bacterial or fungal infection of the outer ear canal called? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
A bacterial infection of the middle ear. |
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Term
What is a bacterial infection of the middle ear called? |
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Definition
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Term
Water conducts heat _______ times faster than air. |
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Definition
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Term
Water absorbes heat _____ times more than air. |
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Definition
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Term
By what ways can the body lose heat? |
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Definition
Conduction, Convection, Respiration and Evaporation. |
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Term
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Definition
Heat lost through direct physical contact with another object. |
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Term
What is it called when heat is lost through direct contact with another object. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
When heat is lost to water or air which is circulating around the body. |
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Term
What is it called when heat is lost to water or air which is circulating around the body. |
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Definition
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Term
How is heat lost through respiration? |
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Definition
Body heat is added to air in the lungs which is lost with exhilation. |
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Term
What is it called when body heat is lost due to exhilation. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Below normal body core temperature. |
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Term
What is below normal body temperature called? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the first stage of hypothermia? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the 2nd stage of hypothermia? |
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Definition
Confusion, impairment of rational thought. |
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Term
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Definition
Above normal body core temperature. |
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Term
How do you prevent/treat hypothermia? |
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Definition
Proper insulation; stop diving when cold and/or shivering; remove wet clothing; prevent further heat loss. |
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Term
What are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion? |
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Definition
Normal body temperature; Sweating; Cool and clammy skin; Dizziness and nausea |
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Term
What are the signs and symptoms of heat stroke? |
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Definition
High body temperature; Dry skin; Hot and red skin; altered level of consciousness. |
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Term
What is the treatment for hyperthermia? |
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Definition
Move patient to cool location; Remove excess clothing; Apply cool, wet cloths and fan the patient; allow conscious patient to drink water. |
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Term
What are the three states of buoyancy? |
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Definition
Positive, Negative and neutral buoyancy. |
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Term
What is positive buoyancy? |
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Definition
When an object's weight is less than the weight of the water it displaces and the object floats. |
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Term
What is negative buoyancy? |
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Definition
When an object's weight is more than the weight of the water it displaces and the object sinks. |
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Term
What is neutral buoyancy? |
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Definition
When an object's weight equals the weight of the water it displaces and the object neither floats nor sinks. |
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Term
What is the initial, pre-dive, test for buoyancy? |
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Definition
Adjust weight to float at eye level, after exhalation, with no air in BC and wearing a dry suit. |
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Term
What is the final, end-of-dive, test for buoyancy? |
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Definition
Adjust weights to be able to remain neutrally buoyant at a depth of 15 feet with no air in the BC and 500 psi of air in tank while wearing a dry suit. |
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Term
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Definition
A squeeze is an injury that occurs when the pressure outside an air space is greater than the pressure inside the air space. |
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Term
What is a reverse squeeze? |
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Definition
An injury that occurs when the pressure inside and air space is greater than outside the air space. |
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Term
What are the different diver's air spaces? |
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Definition
Ears,sinuses,lungs,teeth and equipment air spaces. |
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Term
What are the three main parts of the ear? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the three ear equalization methods? |
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Definition
Frenzel maneuver (contracting jaw with nose/mouth closed; Toynbee maneuver (Swallowing with nose/mouth closed); Valsalva maneuver (Holding nose and gently trying to exhale through the nose) |
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Term
What should you do if you are unable to equalize your ears? |
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Definition
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Term
When should you begin equalization? |
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Definition
Immediately upon descent. |
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Term
Equalization is easier when ________. |
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Definition
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Term
What will happen if you hold your breath during ascent? |
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Definition
The air in the lungs will expand and the lungs will rupture. |
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