Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Diving
NOAA Introduction to Diving
45
Other
Not Applicable
11/19/2003

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Cards

Term
How does pressure relate to altitude and depth?
Definition
Pressure decreases with altitude and increases with depth.
Term
What is the weight of air at sea level?
Definition
14.7 pounds per square inch.
Term
What is density?
Definition
Weight per unit volume.
Term
Water is ______ times more dense than air.
Definition
800 times.
Term
How does compression relate to air and water?
Definition
Air can be compressed, water does not.
Term
Light travels _____% _____ in water than in air.
Definition
25% slower
Term
How does refraction make objects in the water appear?
Definition
25% closer and 33% larger.
Term
How well does sound travel in water?
Definition
Sound travels 4 times faster in water than in air.
Term
What is otitis externa?
Definition
A bacterial or fungal infection of the outer ear canal.
Term
What is a bacterial or fungal infection of the outer ear canal called?
Definition
Otitis externa
Term
What is otitis media?
Definition
A bacterial infection of the middle ear.
Term
What is a bacterial infection of the middle ear called?
Definition
Otitis media
Term
Water conducts heat _______ times faster than air.
Definition
22-24 times
Term
Water absorbes heat _____ times more than air.
Definition
3,200 times.
Term
By what ways can the body lose heat?
Definition
Conduction, Convection, Respiration and Evaporation.
Term
What is conduction?
Definition
Heat lost through direct physical contact with another object.
Term
What is it called when heat is lost through direct contact with another object.
Definition
Conduction
Term
What is convection?
Definition
When heat is lost to water or air which is circulating around the body.
Term
What is it called when heat is lost to water or air which is circulating around the body.
Definition
Convection
Term
How is heat lost through respiration?
Definition
Body heat is added to air in the lungs which is lost with exhilation.
Term
What is it called when body heat is lost due to exhilation.
Definition
Respiration
Term
What is hypothermia?
Definition
Below normal body core temperature.
Term
What is below normal body temperature called?
Definition
Hypothermia
Term
What is the first stage of hypothermia?
Definition
Shivering
Term
What is the 2nd stage of hypothermia?
Definition
Confusion, impairment of rational thought.
Term
What is hyperthermia?
Definition
Above normal body core temperature.
Term
How do you prevent/treat hypothermia?
Definition
Proper insulation; stop diving when cold and/or shivering; remove wet clothing; prevent further heat loss.
Term
What are the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion?
Definition
Normal body temperature; Sweating; Cool and clammy skin; Dizziness and nausea
Term
What are the signs and symptoms of heat stroke?
Definition
High body temperature; Dry skin; Hot and red skin; altered level of consciousness.
Term
What is the treatment for hyperthermia?
Definition
Move patient to cool location; Remove excess clothing; Apply cool, wet cloths and fan the patient; allow conscious patient to drink water.
Term
What are the three states of buoyancy?
Definition
Positive, Negative and neutral buoyancy.
Term
What is positive buoyancy?
Definition
When an object's weight is less than the weight of the water it displaces and the object floats.
Term
What is negative buoyancy?
Definition
When an object's weight is more than the weight of the water it displaces and the object sinks.
Term
What is neutral buoyancy?
Definition
When an object's weight equals the weight of the water it displaces and the object neither floats nor sinks.
Term
What is the initial, pre-dive, test for buoyancy?
Definition
Adjust weight to float at eye level, after exhalation, with no air in BC and wearing a dry suit.
Term
What is the final, end-of-dive, test for buoyancy?
Definition
Adjust weights to be able to remain neutrally buoyant at a depth of 15 feet with no air in the BC and 500 psi of air in tank while wearing a dry suit.
Term
What is a squeeze?
Definition
A squeeze is an injury that occurs when the pressure outside an air space is greater than the pressure inside the air space.
Term
What is a reverse squeeze?
Definition
An injury that occurs when the pressure inside and air space is greater than outside the air space.
Term
What are the different diver's air spaces?
Definition
Ears,sinuses,lungs,teeth and equipment air spaces.
Term
What are the three main parts of the ear?
Definition
Outer, middle and inner.
Term
What are the three ear equalization methods?
Definition
Frenzel maneuver (contracting jaw with nose/mouth closed; Toynbee maneuver (Swallowing with nose/mouth closed); Valsalva maneuver (Holding nose and gently trying to exhale through the nose)
Term
What should you do if you are unable to equalize your ears?
Definition
Abort the dive.
Term
When should you begin equalization?
Definition
Immediately upon descent.
Term
Equalization is easier when ________.
Definition
Descending feet first.
Term
What will happen if you hold your breath during ascent?
Definition
The air in the lungs will expand and the lungs will rupture.
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