Term
| What is the most common cause of tricuspid stenosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of ausculation will be heard with tricuspid stenosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where would a tricuspid stenosis murmur be heard and during what cardiac cycle? |
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Definition
| Heard at LSB and during diastole |
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Term
If a mean gradient or VTI of the tricuspid valve is 15mmHG, what is the resulting symptom? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the formula to figure out the tricuspid valve area when using pressure 1/2 time? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a VTI or mean gradient for the tricuspid valve measures more than 4 mmHG, what treatment is suggested? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a normal range for tricuspid valve area? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a tricuspid valve area measures 5cm2, what does this say about the valve? |
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Definition
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Term
What measurement for tricuspid valve area would suggest RV impairment? |
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Definition
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Term
| What other valve should be assessed if tricuspid stenosis is present from rheumatic fever? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause for tricuspid regurgitation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of ausculation would be heard with tricuspid regurgitation? |
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Definition
| holosystolic, high- pitched blowing murmur |
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Term
Where would a tricuspid regurgitation murmur be heard and during what cardiac cycle? |
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Definition
| Heard around xiphoid, LSB during systole |
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Term
| How can a right sided murmur be distinguished from a left sided murmur? |
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Definition
| Right sided murmur will increase with inspiration |
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Term
| How can tricuspid regurgitations severity be determined by color? |
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Definition
| Rely on jet length to determine TR severity |
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Term
How can 4+ TR be verified? |
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Definition
| Pulse Wave the hepatic vein during systole to look for flow reversal of the "S" wave |
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Term
| What size sample gate should be used for the hepatic vein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What will be seen in the short axis view of the left ventricle if there is severe PHTN? |
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Definition
| "D" sign from volume overload |
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Term
| What is the formula to determine RVSP by using TR? |
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Definition
| (TR velocity)2 + IVC = RVSP |
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Term
| If the IVC was to measure 2.5 and collapses completely, what pressure would be used for the RVSP equation? |
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Definition
| 10mmHG- dilated and collapses |
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Term
| What is the normal RVSP range when using TR? |
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Definition
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Term
| When will you NOT be able to calculate the RVSP by using TR? |
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Definition
If a wide open jet is seen d/t Carcinoid |
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Term
| What wall is commonly affected with an RV infarction? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause of Pulmonic Stenosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the RVOT is narrowed, what is the term used to describe this? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of ausculation would be heard with pulmonic stenosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where would a pulmonic stenosis murmur be heard and during what cardiac cycle? |
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Definition
| Heard at mid-lower LSB, during systole |
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Term
When M-mode is done on the pulmonic valve and PS is suggested, what will be seen on the M-Mode? |
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Definition
| An Increased "A" dip more than 7mm |
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Term
| How would Pulmonic stenosis be determined by CW doppler? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the peak gradient range for moderate PS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause of Pulmonic Insufficiency? |
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Definition
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Term
| What etiology is associated with pulmonic stenosis, overriding aorta, RVH, and VSD? |
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Definition
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Term
Is PI considered physiologically normal? |
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Definition
| yes , seen in 70% of normal children |
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Term
| What type of pulmonic insufficiency murmur is heard when there is severe PHTN? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is PI severity determined? |
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Definition
| Determined by color, PW, and CW |
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Term
| WHat is the most common cause of systemic hypertension? |
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Definition
| idiopathic 90% of the time |
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Term
| What is pheochromocytoma? |
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Definition
| overproduction of acetylcholine |
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Term
| What is a normal Blood Pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered to be high blood pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| If high blood pressure is present, what other risks may be associated? |
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Definition
| CVA, renal failure, CHF, and MIs |
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Term
| If systemic hypertension is present, what valve should be assessed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause for PHTN? |
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Definition
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Term
| If pulmonary hypertension is present and pressures on the right side of the heart are higher, what can be assumed? |
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Definition
| Right to Left shunt- Eisenmenger's Syndrome |
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Term
| What will the M-Mode of the pulmonic valve show if there is PHTN? |
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Definition
| An Absent "A" wave aka flying "W" |
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Term
If PI is present what is a good indicator of the severity? |
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Definition
| Density of the tracing and slope |
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Term
How is the RVSP calculated if there is PI present? |
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Definition
| Measure the end diastolic velocity of the PI, put into Bernoulli equation, and add IVC |
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Term
| If the mean PA pressure is 56mmHG, what disease is present? |
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Definition
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Term
| If there is no TR or PI to determine RVSP, what measurement can be done using the RVOT? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the formula used when the RVOT acceleration time is used? |
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Definition
| 79- (.45 x Acceleration Time) = Mean PA pressure |
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Term
| What is the moderate range used to determine PHTN by acceleration time? |
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Definition
| 60-80msec is moderate PHTN |
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Term
| When there is right sided heart failure caused by bronchitis, what is this called? |
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Definition
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