Term
| How are templates read for DNA replication? 3 to 5 or 5 to 3? |
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Definition
| 3 to 5, in order to synthesize 5' to 3' |
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Term
| How many phosphate groups do deoxyribonucleotide have before they are incorporated into a nascent DNA strand? What happens when they are added? |
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Definition
| start with triphosphates (dCTP, dGTP, dATP, dTTP). Then cleave off two phosphates as pyrophosphate as they are added. |
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Term
| In DNA replication, how many of the strands can serve as template? |
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Definition
| both strands serve as template because product is dsDNA |
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Term
| In transcription, how many strands of DNA serve as template? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the non-template strand in DNA called the coding strand in transcription? |
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Definition
| Its sequence is the same as the new RNA strand (except T is replaced by U) |
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Term
| For transcription, how is the DNA template strand read? 3' to 5' or 5' to 3'? |
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Definition
| read 3 to 5 to synthesize in 5' to 3' |
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Term
| For transcription, how many phosphate groups do incoming ribonucleotides have? What happens as they are incorporated into nascent RNA? |
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Definition
| come in with 3 phosphates (CTP, GTP, ATP, UTP) and lose 2 as pyrophosphates as incorporated |
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Term
| How can you denature DNA? Which interactions in DNA will affect how it denatures? |
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Definition
| heat it up. More G and C will mean it has a higher melting temperature because G and C have 3 hydrogen bonds and A-T have only 2. |
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Term
| What happens to two complementary DNA strands that have been heated up and then are suddenly cooled down? |
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Definition
| They will spontaneously reanneal. |
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Term
| How can you pick out a specific RNA from a test tube full of other RNA strands? |
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Definition
| Add a cDNA that is radioactively labeled. Then find the radioactive tag. |
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Term
| If primary structure is DNA sequence, and secondary structure is the alpha helix formation, what is the tertiary structure in DNA? |
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Definition
| The DNA helix winds around nucleosomes to form "beads on a string" appearance. |
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Term
| What is RNA secondary structure like? |
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Definition
| It will base pair with itself and form all kinds of crazy loops and bubbles. |
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Term
| What makes up nucleosomes? How do these things stick to DNA? |
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Definition
| Histone proteins. These proteins are + and DNA is -, so they bind together in a fun way. yay Bechhofer house of fun! |
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Term
| How many bp of DNA wrap around a single nucleosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| What separates nucleosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| How can you modify histones? |
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Definition
| Acetylation (add an acetyl group to lysine). This makes them less positive, so it loosens up the DNA. |
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Term
| What kind of enzyme does acetylation? |
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Definition
| HAT (histone acetylation) |
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